Nursing Elites

1. What information should be reinforced with the parents about introducing solid foods to their infant?

• A. Begin with one tablespoon of the food.
• B. Introduce each food 4 to 7 days apart.
• C. Mix the new food with rice cereal.
• D. Remove foods when the infant refuses them.

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B. Introducing solid foods 4 to 7 days apart is crucial as it allows time to identify any allergic reactions or intolerances to specific foods. This gradual introduction helps parents monitor their infant's response to new foods and pinpoint any potential issues, ensuring the infant's safety and well-being. Choices A, C, and D are incorrect because starting with one tablespoon of the food, mixing new food with rice cereal, and removing foods when the infant refuses them are not recommended practices for introducing solid foods to infants.

2. What response should the practical nurse (PN) provide when a school-age child asks to talk with a dying sister?

• A. Talk loudly to ensure the dying person hears and recognizes others' voices.
• B. Touch can provide a tactile presence if the dying person does not respond to words.
• C. Sitting close offers the dying person the sensation of others' presence.
• D. Although the dying person may not respond, they can still hear what is said.

Correct answer: D

Rationale: The correct response is D because it is believed that hearing is the last sense to go. Even if the dying person does not respond, speaking to them can still provide comfort. Choice A is incorrect because talking loudly is not necessary and can be distressing. Choice B is incorrect as it focuses on touch rather than the sense of hearing. Choice C is incorrect because sitting close may not necessarily help the dying person hear better.

3. What information should the practical nurse ensure the family understands about caring for a child with a tracheostomy?

• A. Cardiopulmonary resuscitation.
• B. Hygiene practices, including showering.
• C. Proper technique for tracheostomy suctioning.
• D. Application of powder around the stoma.

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Cardiopulmonary resuscitation. It is essential for families to be educated in cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) to manage emergencies involving patients with tracheostomies. Maintaining a clear airway is crucial for the child's safety and well-being. Choice B, hygiene practices, although important, is not as critical as CPR in managing a tracheostomy. Choice C, the proper technique for tracheostomy suctioning, is also crucial but does not take precedence over CPR in emergency situations. Choice D, application of powder around the stoma, is not a standard practice and may not be necessary for tracheostomy care.

4. An adolescent’s mother calls the primary HCP’s office to inquire about the results of her daughter’s serum test that was drawn last week. Since it is the teenager’s 18th birthday, how should the nurse respond to this mother’s inquiry?

• A. Ask when the adolescent was last seen in the clinic
• B. Tell the mother to have the teenager call the clinic
• C. Since the serum sample was drawn last week, provide the mother with the findings
• D. Explain that the information cannot be released without the 18-year-old's permission

Correct answer: D

Rationale: When an individual turns 18, they are considered a legal adult and have the right to privacy regarding their medical information. Therefore, the nurse should explain to the mother that without the 18-year-old's permission, the results cannot be disclosed.

5. The parents of a 9-month-old infant are being educated about preventing iron deficiency anemia. Which statement by the parent indicates a correct understanding of the teaching?

• A. I will start giving my baby whole cow’s milk at 12 months
• B. I will give my baby iron-fortified cereal
• C. I will give my baby fruit juice between meals
• D. I will give my baby water with meals

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: 'I will give my baby iron-fortified cereal.' Iron-fortified cereal is an excellent source of iron for infants, aiding in the prevention of iron deficiency anemia. Choice A is incorrect as whole cow’s milk should not be introduced until the child is at least 12 months old to prevent iron deficiency. Choice C is incorrect because giving fruit juice between meals can interfere with iron absorption. Choice D is incorrect as giving water with meals can decrease nutrient intake. Therefore, the best choice to prevent iron deficiency anemia in a 9-month-old infant is to give them iron-fortified cereal.

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