the nutrients involved in metabolic regulation and control include minerals vitamins and

ATI LPN

PN Nutrition Assessment ATI

1. The nutrients involved in metabolic regulation and control include minerals, vitamins, and:

A. amino acids.
B. carbohydrates.
C. fats.
D. water.

Correct answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D, water. Water plays a crucial role in metabolic regulation along with vitamins and minerals. While amino acids, carbohydrates, and fats are essential nutrients for various bodily functions, they are not primarily involved in metabolic regulation and control.

2. What are probiotics?

A. Indigestible carbohydrates that promote growth of health-promoting bacteria.
B. Antibiotics that prevent growth of harmful bacteria.
C. Nutritional supplements of health-promoting bacteria.
D. Commercial fiber supplements that have a laxative effect.

Correct answer: C

Rationale: Probiotics are live bacteria that are beneficial for gut health and are often taken as supplements. They are not indigestible carbohydrates (Choice A), antibiotics (Choice B), or commercial fiber supplements (Choice D). Probiotics contain live strains of good bacteria that help maintain a healthy balance in the gut microbiome.

3. Why is it important to understand standard serving sizes of foods?

A. it is easy to eat too much of some nutrients when choosing healthful foods.
B. serving sizes have generally decreased over the past few decades.
C. most people have difficulty estimating the amount of food they eat.
D. food portions need to be weighed to check serving sizes accurately.

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C. Understanding serving sizes is crucial because most people have difficulty estimating the amount of food they eat. It helps individuals accurately track their intake, which is essential for maintaining a healthy diet and avoiding overeating. Choice A is incorrect because the question focuses on portion sizes rather than specific nutrients. Choice B is incorrect as it presents an unsupported claim about serving sizes decreasing. Choice D is incorrect as weighing food portions is not always necessary to check serving sizes; understanding standard serving sizes allows for a more practical approach to portion control.

4. What is one useful outcome of keeping a record of everything you eat and drink for a day?

A. Precise estimates of portion sizes.
B. Determination of appropriate energy intake.
C. Estimation of supplement needs.
D. Increased awareness of personal food patterns.

Correct answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: Increased awareness of personal food patterns. Keeping a food record is beneficial as it helps individuals become more mindful of their eating habits and food choices. This awareness can lead to identifying patterns, triggers, and areas for improvement in one's diet. Choices A, B, and C are incorrect because the primary benefit of keeping a food record is not about precise estimates of portion sizes, determining energy intake, or estimating supplement needs, but rather about developing a deeper understanding of personal food patterns.

5. Regurgitation or reflux of acidic stomach contents back into the esophagus is known as:

A. hiatal hernia.
B. diverticulitis.
C. gastroenteritis.
D. gastroesophageal reflux disease.

Correct answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD). GERD occurs when stomach acid flows back into the esophagus, causing symptoms like heartburn and regurgitation. Choice A, hiatal hernia, is a condition where part of the stomach pushes up into the chest through an opening in the diaphragm. Choice B, diverticulitis, is inflammation or infection of small pouches that can form in the lining of the digestive system. Choice C, gastroenteritis, is inflammation of the stomach and intestines typically caused by a viral or bacterial infection. Therefore, only choice D accurately describes the regurgitation or reflux of acidic stomach contents back into the esophagus.