Nursing Elites

1. The nutrients involved in metabolic regulation and control include minerals, vitamins, and:

• A. amino acids.
• B. carbohydrates.
• C. fats.
• D. water.

Correct answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D, water. Water plays a crucial role in metabolic regulation along with vitamins and minerals. While amino acids, carbohydrates, and fats are essential nutrients for various bodily functions, they are not primarily involved in metabolic regulation and control.

2. Foodborne illness may be caused by contamination of food with:

• A. pesticides.
• B. genetically modified ingredients.
• C. microorganisms.
• D. food additives.

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: microorganisms. Microorganisms, such as bacteria and viruses, are common causes of foodborne illnesses. These pathogens can contaminate food during various stages of production, processing, or preparation. Choice A, pesticides, are chemicals used to control pests and are not a common cause of foodborne illnesses. Genetically modified ingredients, choice B, refer to foods derived from genetically modified organisms (GMOs) and are not inherently linked to foodborne illnesses. Food additives, choice D, are substances added to food to preserve flavor or enhance taste and are not typically the primary cause of foodborne illnesses.

3. Where are sugar alcohols most likely to be found?

• A. Fermented foods.
• B. Low-calorie foods.
• C. Fruits and vegetables.
• D. Fiber supplements.

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Sugar alcohols are commonly found in low-calorie foods as sweetening agents without the calorie content of regular sugars. Choices A, C, and D are incorrect because sugar alcohols are not typically found in fermented foods, fruits, vegetables, or fiber supplements. Therefore, the correct answer is B.

4. Proteins are absorbed primarily in the form of:

• A. fatty acids.
• B. disaccharides.
• C. amino acids.
• D. polypeptides.

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: amino acids. Proteins are broken down by digestive enzymes into amino acids before being absorbed in the small intestine. Amino acids are the building blocks of proteins and are the form in which they are primarily absorbed. Choice A (fatty acids) is incorrect as fatty acids are the end products of fat digestion, not protein digestion. Choice B (disaccharides) is incorrect because disaccharides are sugars that are broken down into monosaccharides, not proteins. Choice D (polypeptides) is incorrect as proteins are broken down into amino acids and not absorbed as polypeptides.

5. Which nutrient group provides the primary source of energy for the body?

• A. Carbohydrates.
• B. Fats.
• C. Proteins.
• D. Vitamins.

Correct answer: A

Rationale: Carbohydrates are the body's primary source of energy. When carbohydrates are consumed, they are broken down into glucose, which is used by the body's cells for energy production. Fats and proteins are also essential nutrients, but carbohydrates are the preferred energy source for the body due to their quick conversion into fuel. Vitamins are not a direct source of energy but play crucial roles in various bodily functions.

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