LPN Pediatrics

LPN LPN

1. Why is a prolapsed umbilical cord dangerous?

A. The cord may be wrapped around the baby's neck, causing strangulation.
B. The cord might pull the placenta from the uterine wall during delivery.
C. The baby's head may compress the cord, cutting off its supply of oxygen.
D. The mother may die of hypoxia due to compromised placental blood flow.

Correct answer: C

Rationale: A prolapsed umbilical cord is dangerous because the baby's head may compress the cord, cutting off its supply of oxygen. This compression can lead to oxygen deprivation, potentially causing significant harm to the baby. Immediate medical intervention is crucial in such cases to prevent adverse outcomes.

2. After the baby's head delivers, how is it usually tilted?

A. with the face up.
B. anteriorly, with the chin up.
C. posteriorly, to one side.
D. posteriorly, face down.

Correct answer: C

Rationale: After the baby's head delivers, it is typically tilted posteriorly to one side to help facilitate the delivery of the shoulders. This positioning is important for the safe and smooth delivery of the baby.

3. When preventing cardiac arrest in infants and small children, the primary focus should be on:

A. Providing immediate transport.
B. Ensuring adequate ventilation.
C. Keeping the child warm.
D. Avoiding upsetting the child.

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct approach to prevent cardiac arrest in infants and small children is to ensure adequate ventilation. In these cases, maintaining proper oxygenation and ventilation is crucial for sustaining life. Providing immediate transport, keeping the child warm, or avoiding upsetting the child are important considerations but ensuring adequate ventilation takes precedence in preventing cardiac arrest and supporting the child's vital functions.

4. What is the MOST effective way to prevent cardiopulmonary arrest in a newborn?

A. Ensure effective oxygenation and ventilation.
B. Administer blow-by oxygen as soon as the newborn is born.
C. Perform an Apgar assessment every 5 minutes.
D. Suction the newborn's mouth and nose every 3 minutes.

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The most effective way to prevent cardiopulmonary arrest in a newborn is to ensure effective oxygenation and ventilation. This is crucial in maintaining adequate oxygen supply and preventing respiratory distress or failure, which are significant factors leading to cardiopulmonary arrest. Providing appropriate ventilation support and oxygenation can help sustain the newborn's vital functions and reduce the risk of cardiopulmonary compromise.

5. When assessing a 6-year-old boy with pain in the right lower quadrant of his abdomen, which action should be performed first?

A. Avoiding palpation of the abdomen.
B. Palpating the right lower quadrant first.
C. Auscultating bowel sounds for 2 minutes.
D. Palpating the left upper quadrant first.

Correct answer: D

Rationale: Palpating the left upper quadrant first is the correct approach when assessing abdominal pain in a child. This method helps to minimize causing additional discomfort to the child and allows for a more accurate assessment of their reaction to palpation. By starting on the left upper quadrant, you can gauge the child's pain response before moving to the area of complaint, which may be more sensitive. This approach is essential for a thorough and less distressing abdominal assessment in pediatric patients.