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PN ATI Capstone Proctored Comprehensive Assessment 2020 B with NGN
1. A nurse is preparing to administer a dose of digoxin. Which of the following should the nurse do first?
- A. Assess blood pressure
- B. Check heart rate
- C. Monitor potassium levels
- D. Review the medication order
Correct answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is to check the heart rate first before administering digoxin. Digoxin is a medication that directly affects the heart, so it is crucial to ensure that the heart rate is within the appropriate range before giving the dose. If the heart rate is below 60 bpm, administering digoxin could lead to toxicity. Assessing blood pressure (Choice A) is important but not the first priority when preparing to administer digoxin. Monitoring potassium levels (Choice C) is also crucial for patients on digoxin, but it is not the initial step. Reviewing the medication order (Choice D) is necessary but can be done after checking the heart rate.
2. A healthcare provider is educating a patient on the use of alendronate. Which of the following should be included?
- A. Take it with food
- B. Take it once a week
- C. It can be taken at bedtime
- D. Monitor for increased appetite
Correct answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: 'Take it once a week.' Alendronate is typically taken once a week to treat osteoporosis. It should be taken on an empty stomach in the morning with a full glass of water. Choice A is incorrect because alendronate should be taken on an empty stomach, not with food. Choice C is incorrect because alendronate should be taken in the morning, not at bedtime. Choice D is unrelated to alendronate use and not a common side effect associated with this medication.
3. A client is prescribed insulin glargine. Which of the following should the nurse instruct the client to do regarding administration of this medication?
- A. Inject insulin glargine 30 minutes before a meal.
- B. Shake the insulin vial before administration.
- C. Administer insulin glargine once daily at bedtime.
- D. Take insulin glargine with short-acting insulin.
Correct answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Administer insulin glargine once daily at bedtime. Insulin glargine is a long-acting insulin that provides a basal level of insulin throughout the day. It should be given at the same time each day, usually at bedtime, to maintain a consistent blood sugar level. Choices A, B, and D are incorrect. Injecting insulin glargine before a meal (Choice A) is not necessary as it is a long-acting insulin. Shaking the insulin vial (Choice B) is not recommended as it may cause bubbles to form, affecting the accuracy of the dose. Taking insulin glargine with short-acting insulin (Choice D) is not a typical practice as insulin glargine is used for basal insulin coverage.
4. A healthcare professional is preparing to administer a dose of potassium chloride. Which of the following actions should the healthcare professional take?
- A. Administer rapidly
- B. Dilute the medication before administration
- C. Give it as a bolus
- D. Administer it intramuscularly
Correct answer: B
Rationale: The correct action when administering potassium chloride is to dilute the medication before administration. Potassium chloride is a highly concentrated solution that can cause irritation and potential complications if not properly diluted. Administering it rapidly (choice A) can lead to adverse effects. Giving it as a bolus (choice C) or administering it intramuscularly (choice D) are inappropriate routes for potassium chloride administration and can result in harm to the patient.
5. A client has a new prescription for metformin. Which of the following should the nurse educate the client about?
- A. It can cause weight gain
- B. It should be taken with meals
- C. It is an injectable medication
- D. It can cause hypoglycemia
Correct answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: 'It should be taken with meals.' Metformin should be taken with meals to minimize gastrointestinal side effects and improve absorption. Choice A is incorrect because metformin is actually associated with weight loss or weight neutrality. Choice C is incorrect as metformin is typically taken orally and not via injection. Choice D is also incorrect because metformin is not known to cause hypoglycemia as a primary side effect.
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