LPN LPN
Nutrition For PN Nursing ATI
1. What is the primary nutritional function of the large intestine?
- A. Absorption of fats.
- B. Excretion of waste products.
- C. Excretion of bacteria.
- D. Absorption of water.
Correct answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: Absorption of water. The primary nutritional function of the large intestine is to absorb water from the indigestible food residue that enters it from the small intestine. This absorption of water helps to form solid waste, which is then eliminated from the body. Choices A, B, and C are incorrect because the large intestine is not primarily responsible for the absorption of fats, excretion of waste products, or excretion of bacteria. While the large intestine does play a role in waste elimination and contains bacteria beneficial for digestion, its main function in terms of nutrition is the absorption of water.
2. Which of the following is one of the simplest amino acids?
- A. Arginine
- B. Valine
- C. Lysine
- D. Glycine
Correct answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is Glycine. Glycine is indeed one of the simplest amino acids as it consists of just a hydrogen atom as its side chain. Arginine, Valine, and Lysine are all more complex amino acids compared to Glycine, making them incorrect choices for this question.
3. What is the chemical structure that forms the base component of an amino acid?
- A. carboxyl group
- B. carbon chain
- C. radicals
- D. amino group
Correct answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is the amino group. Amino acids consist of an amino group (NH2), a carboxyl group (COOH), a hydrogen atom, and a variable side chain attached to a central carbon atom. The amino group is essential for the formation of proteins. The carboxyl group is not the base component but another important functional group in amino acids. Carbon chain and radicals are not specific chemical structures that form the base component of an amino acid.
4. What is the term for the production of glucose from protein, lactate, or glycerol?
- A. glycolysis
- B. gluconeogenesis
- C. glycogenolysis
- D. glucogenesis
Correct answer: B
Rationale: Gluconeogenesis is the correct term for the production of glucose from non-carbohydrate sources such as protein, lactate, or glycerol. Choice A, glycolysis, is the process of breaking down glucose into pyruvate. Choice C, glycogenolysis, is the breakdown of glycogen into glucose. Choice D, glucogenesis, is not a recognized term in biochemistry.
5. What is the main constituent of blood plasma, interstitial fluid, and intracellular fluid?
- A. potassium
- B. sodium
- C. water
- D. calcium
Correct answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: water. Water is the main component of blood plasma, interstitial fluid, and intracellular fluid. It plays a crucial role in various bodily functions, including transporting nutrients, regulating body temperature, and maintaining cell structure. Choices A, B, and D are incorrect because while potassium, sodium, and calcium are essential electrolytes found in the body, they are not the main constituents of these fluids as water is.
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