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PN ATI Capstone Proctored Comprehensive Assessment Form B
1. A patient with chronic kidney disease reports feeling light-headed after taking their medication. What should the nurse instruct the patient to do?
- A. Take the medication with food
- B. Take the medication at bedtime
- C. Stand up slowly to prevent dizziness
- D. Increase fluid intake
Correct answer: C
Rationale: Patients with chronic kidney disease are prone to orthostatic hypotension, which can cause dizziness. To prevent this, the nurse should instruct the patient to stand up slowly. Options A, B, and D do not directly address the issue of orthostatic hypotension and dizziness in this scenario.
2. A nurse is assessing a client who reports chest pain. Which of the following findings should cause the nurse to suspect a myocardial infarction?
- A. Pain improves with rest
- B. Pain radiates to the left arm.
- C. Pain worsens with deep breathing.
- D. Pain is relieved by antacids.
Correct answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B. Radiating pain, especially to the left arm, is a classic sign of myocardial infarction. Pain that radiates to the left arm indicates cardiac involvement, making it a significant finding. Choices A, C, and D are incorrect because chest pain that improves with rest, worsens with deep breathing, or is relieved by antacids is less likely to be associated with a myocardial infarction.
3. A nurse is caring for a client with a new prescription for enoxaparin to prevent DVT. Which of the following is an appropriate action by the nurse?
- A. Expel any air bubbles from the prefilled syringe
- B. Inject the medication in the lateral abdominal wall
- C. Massage the injection site to evenly distribute the medication
- D. Administer NSAIDs for injection site discomfort
Correct answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is to inject enoxaparin in the lateral abdominal wall. This site is typically recommended for subcutaneous injections of this medication. Expelling air bubbles from prefilled syringes is not necessary and may result in medication loss. Massaging the injection site is contraindicated as it can cause bruising or hematoma formation. Administering NSAIDs for injection site discomfort is unnecessary and not a standard practice.
4. A nurse is preparing to administer a client's first dose of a new antibiotic. Which of the following is the priority nursing action?
- A. Assess the client's allergies.
- B. Monitor the client's vital signs.
- C. Inform the client of potential side effects.
- D. Obtain the client's informed consent.
Correct answer: A
Rationale: Assessing allergies before administering a new medication is crucial as it helps prevent potentially life-threatening allergic reactions like anaphylaxis. While monitoring vital signs and informing the client of side effects are important nursing actions, assessing allergies takes precedence to ensure the client's safety. Informed consent is necessary for the treatment process, but assessing allergies is the priority before administering any new medication.
5. A client with diabetes mellitus is receiving education on foot care. Which of the following instructions should the nurse include?
- A. Apply lotion between the toes.
- B. Cut toenails straight across.
- C. Use a heating pad to warm the feet.
- D. Soak feet in warm water daily.
Correct answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Cut toenails straight across. This instruction is vital for clients with diabetes as it helps prevent ingrown toenails and infections, reducing the risk of foot ulcers. Applying lotion between the toes (choice A) should be avoided as it can create a moist environment prone to fungal infections. Using a heating pad (choice C) can lead to burns or injuries due to reduced sensation common in diabetes. Soaking feet in warm water daily (choice D) can also increase the risk of skin breakdown and should be avoided.
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