LPN LPN
LPN Fundamentals Practice Questions
1. A healthcare provider is caring for a client who has acute renal failure. Which of the following laboratory results should the healthcare provider expect?
- A. Decreased blood urea nitrogen (BUN)
- B. Decreased creatinine
- C. Increased potassium
- D. Increased calcium
Correct answer: C
Rationale: In acute renal failure, the kidneys are unable to excrete potassium efficiently, which can lead to hyperkalemia. As a result, an increased potassium level is a common finding in clients with acute renal failure. Hyperkalemia can have serious cardiac effects, making it essential for healthcare providers to monitor and manage potassium levels closely in clients with renal impairment. Choices A, B, and D are incorrect because in acute renal failure, blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and creatinine levels typically rise due to decreased renal function. Calcium levels are more likely to be decreased in acute renal failure due to impaired activation of vitamin D and subsequent decreased calcium absorption.
2. A client with celiac disease is being taught about dietary management. Which statement by the client indicates an understanding of the teaching?
- A. I should avoid foods that contain gluten.
- B. I should increase my intake of foods high in gluten.
- C. I should avoid foods that contain lactose.
- D. I should increase my intake of foods high in lactose.
Correct answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: 'I should avoid foods that contain gluten.' Celiac disease requires the avoidance of gluten-containing foods to manage symptoms and prevent complications. Gluten is found in wheat, barley, and rye. Choices B, C, and D are incorrect as they do not align with the dietary requirements for managing celiac disease. Increasing intake of foods high in gluten or lactose would be detrimental for someone with celiac disease.
3. A client with iron-deficiency anemia is being taught about dietary management. Which of the following statements by the client indicates an understanding of the teaching?
- A. I should increase my intake of foods high in iron.
- B. I should decrease my intake of foods high in iron.
- C. I should increase my intake of foods high in calcium.
- D. I should decrease my intake of foods high in calcium.
Correct answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: 'I should increase my intake of foods high in iron.' Iron-deficiency anemia is managed by increasing the consumption of iron-rich foods to improve iron levels in the body. Foods high in iron include red meat, poultry, fish, beans, lentils, and iron-fortified cereals. Choices B, C, and D are incorrect because decreasing intake of iron-rich foods or increasing intake of calcium-rich foods would not address the deficiency in iron levels that characterizes iron-deficiency anemia.
4. A client has a prescription for a soft diet. Which of the following foods should the nurse offer?
- A. Fresh apples
- B. Mashed potatoes
- C. Raw carrots
- D. Nuts
Correct answer: B
Rationale: When a client is on a soft diet, it is important to offer foods that are easy to chew and swallow. Mashed potatoes are a suitable choice for a soft diet as they are soft in texture and easy to digest. Fresh apples, raw carrots, and nuts are harder and may not be appropriate for a soft diet. Fresh apples and raw carrots require more chewing, and nuts are hard and crunchy, which can be difficult for someone on a soft diet to consume. Therefore, mashed potatoes are the correct option for a client on a soft diet.
5. A client is postoperative following abdominal surgery. Which of the following actions should be taken to prevent respiratory complications?
- A. Instruct the client to exhale into an incentive spirometer
- B. Reposition the client every 8 hours
- C. Assist the client with early ambulation
- D. Maintain the client on bed rest for the first 48 hours
Correct answer: C
Rationale: Assisting the client with early ambulation is crucial in preventing respiratory complications after abdominal surgery. Early ambulation helps to prevent conditions like atelectasis and pneumonia by promoting lung expansion and preventing pooling of respiratory secretions. It also aids in improving circulation, reducing the risk of deep vein thrombosis, and enhancing overall recovery. Instructing the client to exhale into an incentive spirometer (Choice A) is beneficial for lung expansion but is more focused on respiratory therapy rather than preventing complications. Repositioning the client every 8 hours (Choice B) is important for preventing pressure ulcers but is not directly related to preventing respiratory complications. Maintaining the client on bed rest for the first 48 hours (Choice D) can lead to complications such as atelectasis, pneumonia, and deep vein thrombosis due to decreased lung expansion and mobility.
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