LPN LPN
LPN Fundamentals Practice Questions
1. A client with peptic ulcer disease is being taught about dietary management. Which of the following statements by the client indicates an understanding of the teaching?
- A. I should avoid drinking milk.
- B. I should avoid drinking coffee.
- C. I should avoid eating high-fiber foods.
- D. I should avoid eating low-fat foods.
Correct answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B. Avoiding coffee is important in managing peptic ulcer disease as it helps reduce acid production and alleviate symptoms. Coffee is known to stimulate acid secretion in the stomach, which can exacerbate ulcer symptoms. Therefore, instructing the client to avoid drinking coffee is essential in the dietary management of peptic ulcer disease. Choices A, C, and D are incorrect. Drinking milk is generally allowed and can even provide a protective effect against ulcers. High-fiber foods are beneficial for digestion and do not need to be avoided unless they cause discomfort. Low-fat foods are also typically recommended for individuals with peptic ulcer disease as they are easier on the digestive system.
2. A client has a new prescription for furosemide. Which of the following instructions should the nurse include during discharge teaching?
- A. Avoid foods high in potassium.
- B. Monitor weight daily.
- C. Take the medication with food.
- D. Increase salt intake.
Correct answer: B
Rationale: Monitoring weight daily is crucial when taking furosemide to detect fluid retention or loss. Furosemide is a diuretic that helps the body get rid of excess water and salt through urine. Changes in weight can indicate fluid shifts, which could be a sign of inadequate response to the medication or worsening condition. Therefore, monitoring weight daily is essential to assess the effectiveness of furosemide therapy and detect any potential issues early on. Choices A, C, and D are incorrect. Avoiding foods high in potassium is more relevant for clients taking potassium-sparing diuretics, not furosemide. Taking furosemide with food is not necessary, as it can be taken with or without food. Increasing salt intake is contradictory to the purpose of furosemide, which aims to eliminate excess salt from the body.
3. During an abdominal assessment, what is the correct sequence of steps for a healthcare provider to follow?
- A. Inspection, percussion, palpation, auscultation
- B. Percussion, auscultation, inspection, palpation
- C. Auscultation, palpation, inspection, percussion
- D. Inspection, auscultation, percussion, palpation
Correct answer: D
Rationale: During an abdominal assessment, the correct sequence of steps is inspection, auscultation, percussion, and palpation. This sequence is followed to prevent altering bowel sounds. Inspection allows for visual observation, followed by auscultation to listen for bowel sounds without causing disturbance, percussion to assess for tympany or dullness, and finally palpation to feel for any abnormalities or tenderness. Choice A is incorrect because palpation should come after percussion. Choice B is incorrect as auscultation should be performed after inspection. Choice C is incorrect because palpation should be the final step after percussion.
4. A client is postoperative following abdominal surgery. Which of the following actions should be taken to prevent respiratory complications?
- A. Instruct the client to exhale into an incentive spirometer
- B. Reposition the client every 8 hours
- C. Assist the client with early ambulation
- D. Maintain the client on bed rest for the first 48 hours
Correct answer: C
Rationale: Assisting the client with early ambulation is crucial in preventing respiratory complications after abdominal surgery. Early ambulation helps to prevent conditions like atelectasis and pneumonia by promoting lung expansion and preventing pooling of respiratory secretions. It also aids in improving circulation, reducing the risk of deep vein thrombosis, and enhancing overall recovery. Instructing the client to exhale into an incentive spirometer (Choice A) is beneficial for lung expansion but is more focused on respiratory therapy rather than preventing complications. Repositioning the client every 8 hours (Choice B) is important for preventing pressure ulcers but is not directly related to preventing respiratory complications. Maintaining the client on bed rest for the first 48 hours (Choice D) can lead to complications such as atelectasis, pneumonia, and deep vein thrombosis due to decreased lung expansion and mobility.
5. A client with celiac disease is being taught about dietary management. Which statement by the client indicates an understanding of the teaching?
- A. I should avoid foods that contain gluten.
- B. I should increase my intake of foods high in gluten.
- C. I should avoid foods that contain lactose.
- D. I should increase my intake of foods high in lactose.
Correct answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: 'I should avoid foods that contain gluten.' Celiac disease requires the avoidance of gluten-containing foods to manage symptoms and prevent complications. Gluten is found in wheat, barley, and rye. Choices B, C, and D are incorrect as they do not align with the dietary requirements for managing celiac disease. Increasing intake of foods high in gluten or lactose would be detrimental for someone with celiac disease.
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