LPN LPN
ATI NCLEX PN Predictor Test
1. What are the key differences between viral and bacterial infections?
- A. Viral infections typically last longer than bacterial infections.
- B. Bacterial infections typically cause high fever.
- C. Both bacterial and viral infections cause rashes.
- D. Viral infections cause sudden onset of symptoms.
Correct answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A. Viral infections typically last longer than bacterial infections. This is because viral infections often require the body's immune system to fight off the virus, leading to a longer duration of illness. Bacterial infections, on the other hand, often cause a rapid onset of symptoms due to the toxins produced by bacteria. Choice B is incorrect because not all bacterial infections cause high fever. Choice C is incorrect because rashes can be caused by both bacterial and viral infections, but not always. Choice D is incorrect because while some viral infections may cause a sudden onset of symptoms, it is not a key distinguishing factor between viral and bacterial infections.
2. A nurse is reinforcing discharge teaching about car seat safety with the guardian of a newborn. Which of the following statements by the guardian indicates an understanding of the teaching?
- A. I will position the car seat in the front seat
- B. I will secure the car seat in the car by using the seatbelt
- C. I will use a rear-facing car seat
- D. I will install the car seat facing forward
Correct answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C. Using a rear-facing car seat is the safest position for a newborn. Newborns should always be placed in a rear-facing car seat in the back seat of the vehicle to provide optimal safety in case of a crash. Choice A is incorrect because placing the car seat in the front seat is not safe due to the presence of airbags. Choice B is incorrect as securing the car seat using the seatbelt is not specific to the correct positioning of the car seat. Choice D is incorrect because installing the car seat facing forward is not recommended for newborns as it does not provide the same level of protection as a rear-facing position.
3. What are the key steps in administering oral medications to a patient with dysphagia?
- A. Crush medications and mix with food
- B. Use a straw to facilitate swallowing
- C. Encourage the patient to drink thickened liquids
- D. Have the patient lie flat during administration
Correct answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Crush medications and mix with food. When administering oral medications to a patient with dysphagia, crushing the medications and mixing them with food is a common method to aid in swallowing. Choice B is incorrect because using a straw could pose a choking hazard for patients with dysphagia. Choice C is incorrect as thickened liquids may not always be suitable for all medications. Choice D is incorrect because having the patient lie flat can increase the risk of aspiration, which is not recommended for patients with dysphagia.
4. A client is learning to use a cane. What instruction is essential for this client?
- A. Advance the cane and the weaker leg at the same time
- B. Maintain two points of support on the ground at all times
- C. Use the cane on the weaker side for better support
- D. Advance the cane 30 to 45 cm with each step
Correct answer: B
Rationale: The correct instruction for a client learning to use a cane is to maintain two points of support on the ground at all times. This ensures better stability and reduces the risk of falls. Choice A is incorrect because advancing the cane and the weaker leg simultaneously may lead to imbalance. Choice C is incorrect because the cane should be used on the stronger side to provide support. Choice D is incorrect because there is no specific measurement for advancing the cane with each step, and the focus should be on maintaining stability.
5. What are the key signs of hyperkalemia and how should it be treated?
- A. Elevated potassium levels, muscle weakness; administer calcium gluconate
- B. Decreased potassium levels, confusion; administer potassium chloride
- C. Elevated sodium levels, bradycardia; administer sodium bicarbonate
- D. Low sodium levels, muscle cramps; administer sodium chloride
Correct answer: A
Rationale: The correct signs of hyperkalemia include elevated potassium levels and muscle weakness. The treatment involves administering calcium gluconate to help stabilize the heart. Choice B is incorrect as hyperkalemia is characterized by elevated, not decreased, potassium levels. Choice C is incorrect as hyperkalemia does not involve elevated sodium levels, and the treatment is not sodium bicarbonate. Choice D is incorrect as hyperkalemia does not lead to low sodium levels, and sodium chloride is not the treatment for hyperkalemia.
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