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PN ATI Comprehensive Predictor
1. A client with chronic kidney disease needs dietary restrictions. What restriction is necessary?
- A. Increase protein intake
- B. Limit potassium-rich foods
- C. Increase fluid intake to prevent dehydration
- D. Increase phosphorus intake
Correct answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is to limit potassium-rich foods for clients with chronic kidney disease. Excessive potassium can be harmful to individuals with compromised kidney function, leading to complications. This restriction helps in managing the condition and preventing further health issues. Choice A is incorrect because increasing protein intake can put additional stress on the kidneys. Choice C is incorrect as excessive fluid intake can burden the kidneys. Choice D is incorrect as increasing phosphorus intake can be harmful for individuals with kidney disease.
2. A client with asthma is being taught how to use a peak flow meter by a nurse. Which of the following instructions should the nurse include?
- A. Perform the test in the morning after taking medications
- B. Blow into the meter as slowly as possible
- C. Perform the test when feeling short of breath
- D. Use the peak flow meter after using your rescue inhaler
Correct answer: D
Rationale: The correct instruction is to use the peak flow meter after using the rescue inhaler. This ensures accurate monitoring of asthma control during symptoms. Choice A is incorrect because peak flow measurements should be done before taking medications. Choice B is incorrect as the client should blow into the meter quickly and forcefully to get an accurate reading. Choice C is also incorrect as peak flow should be measured regularly, not just when feeling short of breath.
3. A nurse is caring for an infant who is receiving IV fluids for dehydration. Which of the following should the nurse recognize as a positive response to the therapy?
- A. Tachycardia
- B. Hypotension
- C. Increased urine output
- D. Diarrhea
Correct answer: C
Rationale: Increased urine output is a positive sign that the IV fluids are effectively treating dehydration. Tachycardia (choice A) and hypotension (choice B) are signs of dehydration and would not be considered positive responses to therapy. Diarrhea (choice D) can worsen dehydration and is not a positive response to IV fluid therapy.
4. A nurse is reinforcing teaching about home care for conjunctivitis with the parent of a school-age child. Which of the following information should the nurse include?
- A. Use a separate washcloth for the child
- B. Apply cold compresses to the eyes
- C. Apply warm compresses to the eyes
- D. Keep the child home until symptoms have resolved
Correct answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is to use a separate washcloth for the child. This is important to prevent the spread of infection when a child has conjunctivitis. Using the same washcloth can lead to cross-contamination and further spread of the condition. Applying cold or warm compresses may provide comfort but do not address the prevention of spreading the infection. Keeping the child home until symptoms have resolved may be necessary, but the primary focus should be on preventing the spread of the infection within the household.
5. What are the risk factors for deep vein thrombosis (DVT) and how can it be prevented?
- A. Immobility and oral contraceptive use
- B. Pregnancy and smoking
- C. Obesity and varicose veins
- D. Hypertension and high cholesterol
Correct answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Immobility and oral contraceptive use. Immobility and oral contraceptive use are significant risk factors for deep vein thrombosis (DVT). Immobility leads to blood stasis, increasing the risk of clot formation, while oral contraceptive use can promote hypercoagulability. Prevention strategies for DVT include promoting mobility to enhance blood circulation and using anticoagulants to prevent clot formation. Choices B, C, and D are incorrect. While pregnancy and smoking can increase the risk of DVT, they are not the specific factors mentioned in the question. Similarly, obesity and varicose veins, as well as hypertension and high cholesterol, are not the primary risk factors associated with DVT.
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