LPN LPN
PN ATI Comprehensive Predictor
1. A client undergoing radiation therapy is being taught about skin care by a nurse. Which of the following statements by the client indicates an understanding of the teaching?
- A. I will use a heating pad to soothe the skin
- B. I will avoid using perfumed lotions on the treated area
- C. I will apply cold compresses to the area
- D. I will scrub the area daily with soap and water
Correct answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B because avoiding perfumed lotions is important to prevent skin irritation after radiation therapy. Using a heating pad (A) can further damage the skin, applying cold compresses (C) may not be recommended, and scrubbing the area daily with soap and water (D) can be too harsh on the skin, leading to further irritation and damage.
2. A client with dementia is at risk of falling. What is the best intervention to prevent injury?
- A. Place the client in a room close to the nurses' station
- B. Use a bed exit alarm
- C. Encourage family members to stay with the client at all times
- D. Raise all four side rails
Correct answer: B
Rationale: Using a bed exit alarm is the best intervention to prevent injury in a client with dementia at risk of falling. This device alerts staff when the client attempts to leave the bed, allowing for timely assistance and reducing the risk of falls. Placing the client in a room close to the nurses' station may help with supervision but does not provide immediate alerts like a bed exit alarm. Encouraging family members to stay with the client at all times may not be feasible, and raising all four side rails can lead to restraint issues and is not recommended unless necessary for the client's safety.
3. What are the nursing considerations when administering blood products?
- A. Monitor vital signs and check for allergic reactions
- B. Verify blood type and compatibility before transfusion
- C. Monitor for signs of infection and sepsis
- D. Ensure consent is signed and prepare for possible reaction
Correct answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Monitor vital signs and check for allergic reactions. When administering blood products, monitoring vital signs such as blood pressure, heart rate, and temperature is crucial to detect any adverse reactions promptly. Checking for allergic reactions, such as hives, itching, or difficulty breathing, is essential to ensure patient safety. Choice B is incorrect because verifying blood type and compatibility is typically done by the laboratory before the blood is issued for transfusion. Choice C is not a direct nursing consideration during the administration of blood products. While monitoring for signs of infection and sepsis is important in general patient care, it is not specific to blood transfusions. Choice D is also incorrect as ensuring consent is signed and preparing for possible reactions are important but do not directly relate to the immediate nursing considerations during blood product administration.
4. A nurse is reinforcing teaching about home care for conjunctivitis with the parent of a school-age child. Which of the following information should the nurse include?
- A. Use a separate washcloth for the child
- B. Apply cold compresses to the eyes
- C. Apply warm compresses to the eyes
- D. Keep the child home until symptoms have resolved
Correct answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is to use a separate washcloth for the child. This is important to prevent the spread of infection when a child has conjunctivitis. Using the same washcloth can lead to cross-contamination and further spread of the condition. Applying cold or warm compresses may provide comfort but do not address the prevention of spreading the infection. Keeping the child home until symptoms have resolved may be necessary, but the primary focus should be on preventing the spread of the infection within the household.
5. A nurse offers pain meds to a client who is postop prior to ambulation. The nurse understands that this aspect of care delivery is an example of which of the following ethical principles?
- A. Fidelity
- B. Autonomy
- C. Justice
- D. Beneficence
Correct answer: D
Rationale: In this scenario, offering pain medication to a postoperative client before ambulation is an example of beneficence. Beneficence is the ethical principle related to promoting the well-being of the client, which includes providing pain relief to improve the client's comfort and facilitate their recovery. Fidelity (choice A) is about honoring commitments and being faithful to agreements, not directly related to pain management. Autonomy (choice B) refers to respecting the client's right to make decisions about their care, not specifically about pain medication administration. Justice (choice C) involves fairness and equality in healthcare resource allocation, not directly applicable in this situation.
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