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PN ATI Comprehensive Predictor
1. A client has a history of oliguria, hypertension, and peripheral edema. Current lab values are: BUN - 25, K+ - 4.0 mEq/L. Which nutrient should be restricted in the client's diet?
- A. Protein
- B. Fats
- C. Carbohydrates
- D. Magnesium
Correct answer: A
Rationale: In clients with oliguria, hypertension, and peripheral edema, protein should be restricted in the diet to reduce the workload on the kidneys. Excessive protein intake can lead to increased BUN levels, which can further stress the kidneys. Restricting protein can help prevent further kidney damage. Fats, carbohydrates, and magnesium do not directly impact kidney function in the same way as protein does, making them incorrect choices in this scenario.
2. A client with asthma is being taught how to use a peak flow meter by a nurse. Which of the following instructions should the nurse include?
- A. Perform the test in the morning after taking medications
- B. Blow into the meter as slowly as possible
- C. Perform the test when feeling short of breath
- D. Use the peak flow meter after using your rescue inhaler
Correct answer: D
Rationale: The correct instruction is to use the peak flow meter after using the rescue inhaler. This ensures accurate monitoring of asthma control during symptoms. Choice A is incorrect because peak flow measurements should be done before taking medications. Choice B is incorrect as the client should blow into the meter quickly and forcefully to get an accurate reading. Choice C is also incorrect as peak flow should be measured regularly, not just when feeling short of breath.
3. A nurse is assisting with an in-service about hepatitis A for a group of staff nurses. The nurse should include that hepatitis A is transmitted through which of the following methods?
- A. Airborne droplets
- B. Sexual contact
- C. Contact with contaminated surfaces
- D. Consumption of contaminated food
Correct answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: Consumption of contaminated food. Hepatitis A is primarily transmitted through the ingestion of contaminated food or water. Airborne droplets and sexual contact are not common modes of transmission for hepatitis A. While contact with contaminated surfaces can play a role in the spread of some infections, hepatitis A is not typically transmitted through this route.
4. A client who is to undergo a colonoscopy is being taught by a nurse about the procedure. Which of the following statements by the client indicates an understanding of the teaching?
- A. I will drink liquids right up until the procedure.
- B. I will need to stop eating and drinking at least 24 hours before the procedure.
- C. I will be sedated and will not feel any pain during the procedure.
- D. I will not need to follow any specific dietary restrictions for this procedure.
Correct answer: C
Rationale: Choice C is the correct answer. During a colonoscopy, clients are typically sedated, so they do not feel any pain during the procedure. Choices A, B, and D are incorrect. Clients are usually required to stop eating and drinking at least 24 hours before a colonoscopy, and there are specific dietary restrictions that need to be followed before the procedure to ensure a successful examination.
5. A client with chronic kidney disease needs dietary restrictions. What restriction is necessary?
- A. Increase protein intake
- B. Limit potassium-rich foods
- C. Increase fluid intake to prevent dehydration
- D. Increase phosphorus intake
Correct answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is to limit potassium-rich foods for clients with chronic kidney disease. Excessive potassium can be harmful to individuals with compromised kidney function, leading to complications. This restriction helps in managing the condition and preventing further health issues. Choice A is incorrect because increasing protein intake can put additional stress on the kidneys. Choice C is incorrect as excessive fluid intake can burden the kidneys. Choice D is incorrect as increasing phosphorus intake can be harmful for individuals with kidney disease.
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