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PN ATI Comprehensive Predictor
1. What are the primary causes of respiratory acidosis?
- A. Hypoventilation and lung disease
- B. Hyperventilation and pneumonia
- C. Increased oxygen saturation and tachypnea
- D. Dehydration and hypoxia
Correct answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Hypoventilation and lung disease. Respiratory acidosis occurs when there is an accumulation of CO2 in the body due to inadequate ventilation. Hypoventilation, which reduces the elimination of CO2, and lung diseases that impair gas exchange are the primary causes. Choice B is incorrect because hyperventilation, not hypoventilation, leads to respiratory alkalosis, not acidosis. Choice C is incorrect because increased oxygen saturation and tachypnea do not directly cause respiratory acidosis. Choice D is incorrect as dehydration and hypoxia do not typically lead to respiratory acidosis.
2. A client has expressive aphasia following a stroke. Which of the following methods should be used when communicating with the client?
- A. Speak slowly
- B. Provide written instructions
- C. Use a picture board
- D. Write on a whiteboard
Correct answer: C
Rationale: When communicating with a client who has expressive aphasia, using a picture board is an effective method as it provides an alternative means of communication. Option A, speaking slowly, may not improve understanding for someone with expressive aphasia. Option B, providing written instructions, may also be challenging for individuals with this condition. Option D, writing on a whiteboard, may not be as helpful as using a picture board in facilitating communication for a client with expressive aphasia.
3. A client with dementia is at risk of falling. What is the best intervention to prevent injury?
- A. Place the client in a room close to the nurses' station
- B. Use a bed exit alarm
- C. Encourage family members to stay with the client at all times
- D. Raise all four side rails
Correct answer: B
Rationale: Using a bed exit alarm is the best intervention to prevent injury in a client with dementia at risk of falling. This device alerts staff when the client attempts to leave the bed, allowing for timely assistance and reducing the risk of falls. Placing the client in a room close to the nurses' station may help with supervision but does not provide immediate alerts like a bed exit alarm. Encouraging family members to stay with the client at all times may not be feasible, and raising all four side rails can lead to restraint issues and is not recommended unless necessary for the client's safety.
4. A client with asthma is being taught how to use a peak flow meter by a nurse. Which of the following instructions should the nurse include?
- A. Perform the test in the morning after taking medications
- B. Blow into the meter as slowly as possible
- C. Perform the test when feeling short of breath
- D. Use the peak flow meter after using your rescue inhaler
Correct answer: D
Rationale: The correct instruction is to use the peak flow meter after using the rescue inhaler. This ensures accurate monitoring of asthma control during symptoms. Choice A is incorrect because peak flow measurements should be done before taking medications. Choice B is incorrect as the client should blow into the meter quickly and forcefully to get an accurate reading. Choice C is also incorrect as peak flow should be measured regularly, not just when feeling short of breath.
5. What are the steps in managing a patient with a pressure ulcer?
- A. Clean the wound and apply a hydrocolloid dressing
- B. Debride necrotic tissue and apply antibiotics
- C. Apply an alginate dressing and elevate the affected area
- D. Use moisture-retentive dressings and reposition frequently
Correct answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Clean the wound and apply a hydrocolloid dressing. This step is crucial in managing a pressure ulcer as it helps protect the ulcer from infection and promotes healing by creating a moist environment conducive to tissue repair. Choice B, debriding necrotic tissue and applying antibiotics, is more suitable for managing infected pressure ulcers but not as the initial step. Choice C, applying an alginate dressing and elevating the affected area, may be part of the management but is not the initial step. Choice D, using moisture-retentive dressings and repositioning frequently, is important for prevention but not the first step in managing an existing pressure ulcer.
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