LPN LPN
PN ATI Comprehensive Predictor
1. A community health nurse is helping to reinforce teaching about hepatitis A with a group of employees at a childcare facility. Which of the following characteristics should the nurse identify as an external factor that can impede learning for the participants?
- A. High workload
- B. Limited knowledge on the subject
- C. Poor lighting
- D. Limited space in the learning area
Correct answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: 'Poor lighting.' External factors such as lighting can significantly impact the learning environment, making it difficult for participants to engage effectively. Poor lighting can strain the eyes, cause discomfort, and lead to decreased concentration. Choices A, B, and D are internal factors or issues that are not directly related to the learning environment. High workload, limited knowledge on the subject, and limited space in the learning area may affect learning differently but do not impede learning through external factors like poor lighting does.
2. What is the best dietary recommendation for a patient with chronic kidney disease?
- A. Low-protein diet
- B. High-protein diet
- C. Low-sodium diet
- D. High-sodium diet
Correct answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is a low-protein diet for a patient with chronic kidney disease. In chronic kidney disease, the kidneys may have difficulty filtering waste products from protein metabolism, leading to a buildup of toxins in the body. Therefore, reducing protein intake can help lessen the workload on the kidneys. Choices B, C, and D are incorrect. A high-protein diet would increase the workload on the kidneys, while a low-sodium diet is beneficial for conditions like hypertension or heart failure but not specifically targeted for chronic kidney disease. A high-sodium diet can worsen fluid retention and hypertension in patients with kidney disease.
3. A client with an NG tube is reporting nausea and a decrease in gastric secretions. What is the nurse's first action?
- A. Increase the suction pressure
- B. Irrigate the NG tube with sterile water
- C. Turn the client onto their left side
- D. Replace the NG tube with a new one
Correct answer: B
Rationale: The correct first action for a client with an NG tube experiencing nausea and decreased gastric secretions is to irrigate the NG tube with sterile water. This helps alleviate blockages and can improve the client's symptoms. Increasing the suction pressure (Choice A) may exacerbate the issue and cause further discomfort. Turning the client onto their left side (Choice C) is not directly related to addressing the reported symptoms. Replacing the NG tube with a new one (Choice D) should be considered only after attempting initial interventions like irrigation.
4. What are the nursing considerations when administering blood products?
- A. Monitor vital signs and check for allergic reactions
- B. Verify blood type and compatibility before transfusion
- C. Monitor for signs of infection and sepsis
- D. Ensure consent is signed and prepare for possible reaction
Correct answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Monitor vital signs and check for allergic reactions. When administering blood products, monitoring vital signs such as blood pressure, heart rate, and temperature is crucial to detect any adverse reactions promptly. Checking for allergic reactions, such as hives, itching, or difficulty breathing, is essential to ensure patient safety. Choice B is incorrect because verifying blood type and compatibility is typically done by the laboratory before the blood is issued for transfusion. Choice C is not a direct nursing consideration during the administration of blood products. While monitoring for signs of infection and sepsis is important in general patient care, it is not specific to blood transfusions. Choice D is also incorrect as ensuring consent is signed and preparing for possible reactions are important but do not directly relate to the immediate nursing considerations during blood product administration.
5. Which of the following is a realistic short-term goal to be accomplished in 2 to 3 days for a client with delirium?
- A. Explain the experience of having delirium
- B. Resume a normal sleep-wake cycle
- C. Regain orientation to time and place
- D. Establish normal bowel and bladder function
Correct answer: C
Rationale: Regaining orientation to time and place is a realistic short-term goal for clients with delirium. It helps the individual become aware of their surroundings and current situation, aiding in reducing confusion and disorientation. Choice A is incorrect because the goal is focused on the client's understanding, not on explaining the experience of delirium. Choice B, resuming a normal sleep-wake cycle, may take longer than 2 to 3 days to achieve and is not directly related to regaining orientation. Choice D, establishing normal bowel and bladder function, is important but may not be a short-term goal specifically related to delirium.
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