LPN LPN
LPN Fundamentals of Nursing Quizlet
1. A nurse is providing discharge teaching to a client who has a prescription for digoxin. Which of the following instructions should the nurse include?
- A. Take your pulse before taking the medication.
- B. Take the medication with an antacid.
- C. Double the dose if you miss one.
- D. Take the medication with a high-fiber meal.
Correct answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: 'Take your pulse before taking the medication.' When administering digoxin, it is crucial to monitor the pulse rate because digoxin can cause bradycardia (slow heart rate). Checking the pulse helps in assessing the heart rate before taking the medication, as bradycardia is a common side effect of digoxin. Choice B is incorrect because digoxin should not be taken with antacids, as they can reduce its absorption. Choice C is incorrect; the dose should never be doubled if a dose is missed. Choice D is incorrect because taking digoxin with a high-fiber meal can also affect its absorption. Therefore, the essential instruction for the client is to monitor the pulse before taking digoxin.
2. A client has a prescription for a clear liquid diet. Which of the following foods should the nurse offer?
- A. Milk
- B. Vegetable juice
- C. Chicken broth
- D. Orange juice with pulp
Correct answer: C
Rationale: A clear liquid diet consists of easily digestible transparent liquids. Chicken broth is an appropriate choice as it meets the criteria of being clear and liquid, making it suitable for a clear liquid diet. Milk, vegetable juice, and orange juice with pulp are not considered clear liquids. Milk is not transparent, vegetable juice is not clear, and orange juice with pulp contains solid particles, all of which do not align with the requirements of a clear liquid diet.
3. A client has a new prescription for a low-sodium diet. Which of the following foods should the nurse recommend?
- A. Pickles
- B. Canned soup
- C. Fresh fruits
- D. Smoked salmon
Correct answer: C
Rationale: Fresh fruits are naturally low in sodium, making them a suitable choice for a low-sodium diet. They provide essential nutrients and are a healthy option for individuals who need to limit their sodium intake. Pickles (Choice A) and canned soup (Choice B) are typically high in sodium and should be avoided in a low-sodium diet. Smoked salmon (Choice D) is also usually high in sodium due to the smoking process, so it is not a recommended choice for a low-sodium diet.
4. A client has a prescription for a 24-hour urine collection. Which of the following actions should be taken by the healthcare provider?
- A. Discard the first voiding.
- B. Keep the urine at room temperature.
- C. Collect the first voiding.
- D. Keep the urine in a sterile container.
Correct answer: A
Rationale: Discarding the first voiding is necessary when initiating a 24-hour urine collection to ensure that the collection starts with an empty bladder. This step helps in obtaining an accurate measurement of substances excreted over the 24-hour period without any carryover from the previous voids. Keeping the urine at room temperature or in a sterile container is not specific to the initiation of the collection. Therefore, the correct action is to discard the first voiding. Choice B is incorrect because keeping urine at room temperature is important for some tests, but it is not specific to the initiation of a 24-hour urine collection. Choice C is incorrect because collecting the first voiding would lead to inaccurate results as the bladder is not empty at the start. Choice D is incorrect because while keeping urine in a sterile container is generally a good practice, it is not a specific step for initiating a 24-hour urine collection.
5. A healthcare professional is educating a client with osteoporosis about dietary management. Which of the following foods should the professional recommend?
- A. Green beans
- B. Fortified cereal
- C. Red meat
- D. White bread
Correct answer: B
Rationale: Fortified cereal is the correct answer as it is an excellent choice for individuals with osteoporosis due to its high calcium and vitamin D content, both essential nutrients for bone health. These nutrients help in maintaining bone density and strength, which is crucial for individuals with osteoporosis. Green beans (choice A) do not provide as much calcium and vitamin D as fortified cereal. Red meat (choice C) is a good source of protein but is not as rich in calcium and vitamin D compared to fortified cereal. White bread (choice D) lacks the essential nutrients needed for bone health, making it a less suitable choice for individuals with osteoporosis.
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