LPN LPN
LPN Fundamentals of Nursing Quizlet
1. A nurse is providing discharge teaching to a client who has a prescription for digoxin. Which of the following instructions should the nurse include?
- A. Take your pulse before taking the medication.
- B. Take the medication with an antacid.
- C. Double the dose if you miss one.
- D. Take the medication with a high-fiber meal.
Correct answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: 'Take your pulse before taking the medication.' When administering digoxin, it is crucial to monitor the pulse rate because digoxin can cause bradycardia (slow heart rate). Checking the pulse helps in assessing the heart rate before taking the medication, as bradycardia is a common side effect of digoxin. Choice B is incorrect because digoxin should not be taken with antacids, as they can reduce its absorption. Choice C is incorrect; the dose should never be doubled if a dose is missed. Choice D is incorrect because taking digoxin with a high-fiber meal can also affect its absorption. Therefore, the essential instruction for the client is to monitor the pulse before taking digoxin.
2. A nurse is caring for a client who has a new prescription for a low-cholesterol diet. Which of the following foods should the nurse recommend?
- A. Eggs
- B. Cheese
- C. Chicken breast
- D. Butter
Correct answer: C
Rationale: Chicken breast is a suitable recommendation for a low-cholesterol diet as it is low in cholesterol. Eggs and cheese are high in cholesterol and not suitable for a low-cholesterol diet. Butter is also high in cholesterol and should be avoided in a low-cholesterol diet.
3. A healthcare provider is assessing a client who has fluid volume excess. Which of the following findings should the healthcare provider expect?
- A. Hypotension
- B. Bradycardia
- C. Crackles in the lungs
- D. Dry mucous membranes
Correct answer: C
Rationale: Crackles in the lungs are indicative of fluid accumulation in the alveoli, which is a characteristic finding in clients with fluid volume excess. The crackling sound occurs due to the presence of excess fluid in the lungs, impairing normal ventilation and gas exchange. Monitoring for crackles is essential for early detection and management of fluid overload in clients. Choices A, B, and D are incorrect because in fluid volume excess, hypervolemia leads to increased blood pressure (not hypotension), compensatory tachycardia (not bradycardia), and moist mucous membranes (not dry).
4. A healthcare professional is providing discharge teaching to a client who has a new prescription for warfarin. Which of the following instructions should the healthcare professional include?
- A. Avoid drinking grapefruit juice.
- B. Take aspirin for pain relief.
- C. Consume a consistent amount of green leafy vegetables.
- D. Use an electric razor when shaving.
Correct answer: C
Rationale: Consuming a consistent amount of green leafy vegetables is important for clients taking warfarin as these foods contain vitamin K, which can affect the medication's effectiveness. Maintaining a consistent intake helps stabilize the International Normalized Ratio (INR) levels, which is crucial for monitoring the blood's ability to clot properly while on warfarin therapy. Choices A, B, and D are incorrect. Avoiding grapefruit juice is generally recommended with certain medications due to its interaction with liver enzymes, which is not directly related to warfarin. Taking aspirin along with warfarin can increase the risk of bleeding. Using an electric razor when shaving is a safety precaution for those at risk of bleeding, but it is not directly related to the medication warfarin.
5. A healthcare provider is planning care for a client who has a new prescription for a high-fiber diet. Which of the following foods should the healthcare provider recommend?
- A. White bread
- B. Canned fruit
- C. Cheese
- D. Brown rice
Correct answer: D
Rationale: Brown rice is a whole grain that is high in fiber, making it an excellent choice for a high-fiber diet. Foods like white bread, canned fruit, and cheese are typically low in fiber and would not be the best recommendation for a high-fiber diet. White bread is processed and lacks the fiber content found in whole grains like brown rice. Canned fruit, although containing some fiber, often has added sugars and lower fiber content compared to fresh fruits. Cheese is a dairy product that is generally low in fiber and not a significant source of dietary fiber compared to whole grains.
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