LPN LPN
LPN Fundamentals of Nursing Quizlet
1. A healthcare professional is assessing a client who has chronic pain. Which of the following findings should the healthcare professional expect?
- A. Hypotension
- B. Tachycardia
- C. Hyperthermia
- D. Depression
Correct answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: Depression. Chronic pain is often associated with psychological effects like depression. Patients with chronic pain may experience feelings of hopelessness, helplessness, and despair, which are characteristic of depression. While chronic pain can lead to changes in vital signs like increased blood pressure and heart rate, hypotension, tachycardia, or hyperthermia are not typically expected findings solely due to chronic pain. Therefore, the healthcare professional should be alert to signs of depression in clients with chronic pain and address these psychological impacts appropriately.
2. A healthcare provider is assessing a client who has fluid volume excess. Which of the following findings should the healthcare provider expect?
- A. Hypotension
- B. Bradycardia
- C. Crackles in the lungs
- D. Dry mucous membranes
Correct answer: C
Rationale: Crackles in the lungs are indicative of fluid accumulation in the alveoli, which is a characteristic finding in clients with fluid volume excess. The crackling sound occurs due to the presence of excess fluid in the lungs, impairing normal ventilation and gas exchange. Monitoring for crackles is essential for early detection and management of fluid overload in clients. Choices A, B, and D are incorrect because in fluid volume excess, hypervolemia leads to increased blood pressure (not hypotension), compensatory tachycardia (not bradycardia), and moist mucous membranes (not dry).
3. A healthcare provider is preparing to administer an intramuscular injection to an adult client. Which of the following injection sites should the healthcare provider select?
- A. Deltoid muscle
- B. Dorsogluteal muscle
- C. Vastus lateralis muscle
- D. Rectus femoris muscle
Correct answer: A
Rationale: The deltoid muscle is a common site for intramuscular injections in adults due to its accessibility and muscle mass. It is located in the upper arm and provides a sufficient area for injection. The deltoid muscle is preferred for administering vaccines and other medications that require IM administration. Choice B, the dorsogluteal muscle, is not recommended for intramuscular injections due to the proximity of major nerves and blood vessels in that area, which can lead to nerve damage or injury. Choice C, the vastus lateralis muscle, is more commonly used for infants and young children, while choice D, the rectus femoris muscle, is not typically used for intramuscular injections in adults.
4. A healthcare professional is educating a client with osteoporosis about dietary management. Which of the following foods should the professional recommend?
- A. Green beans
- B. Fortified cereal
- C. Red meat
- D. White bread
Correct answer: B
Rationale: Fortified cereal is the correct answer as it is an excellent choice for individuals with osteoporosis due to its high calcium and vitamin D content, both essential nutrients for bone health. These nutrients help in maintaining bone density and strength, which is crucial for individuals with osteoporosis. Green beans (choice A) do not provide as much calcium and vitamin D as fortified cereal. Red meat (choice C) is a good source of protein but is not as rich in calcium and vitamin D compared to fortified cereal. White bread (choice D) lacks the essential nutrients needed for bone health, making it a less suitable choice for individuals with osteoporosis.
5. A client is receiving continuous enteral feedings. Which of the following interventions should the nurse implement?
- A. Monitor intake and output every 8 hours.
- B. Flush the feeding tube every 4 hours.
- C. Measure the client's temperature every 24 hours.
- D. Change the feeding bag and tubing every 72 hours.
Correct answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Flush the feeding tube every 4 hours. Flushing the feeding tube every 4 hours is essential to maintain patency and prevent clogging, ensuring the client receives the prescribed enteral nutrition without interruption. This intervention helps prevent complications such as tube occlusion. Monitoring intake and output is important for assessing the client's hydration status but does not directly address tube patency. Measuring the client's temperature is essential for monitoring for signs of infection but is not directly related to tube maintenance. Changing the feeding bag and tubing every 72 hours is important for infection control but does not address tube patency.
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