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Pediatric ATI Proctored Test
1. A 7-year-old child named Kanjaga exhibits symptoms like fatigue, slow heart rate, dry skin, slower growth, and delayed puberty. Which of the following is the appropriate diagnosis for this deficiency that slows body processes?
- A. Diabetes
- B. Hypothyroidism
- C. Growth hormone deficiency
- D. Stunted growth
Correct answer: B
Rationale: The appropriate diagnosis for the symptoms described in Kanjaga, a 7-year-old child, is hypothyroidism. Hypothyroidism can lead to symptoms such as fatigue, slow heart rate, dry skin, slower growth, and delayed puberty in children.
2. Use the scenario to answer questions 13-18. A patient has come to the OPD with complaints of anaesthesia and paresthesia of the lower limbs. After laboratory investigations, the doctor has diagnosed the patient with Diabetes Mellitus but failed to specify whether it is type 1 or type 2. Onset of Type 1 diabetes is characterized by:
- A. Occurs after pubertal onset in the majority of cases
- B. Occurs when parents are poor
- C. Occurs at an early age
- D. Occurs after childbirth
Correct answer: A
Rationale: Type 1 diabetes typically occurs after pubertal onset. This form of diabetes is most commonly diagnosed in individuals under the age of 30, with a peak incidence in the mid-teens to early 20s. Puberty is a period of hormonal changes and growth, which can trigger the onset of type 1 diabetes due to the stress it places on the body's insulin-producing cells.
3. What is a priority discharge instruction for a parent of a child experiencing the first episode of asthma?
- A. Asthma can be prevented by avoiding environmental and emotional triggers
- B. Asthma decreases the size of the airway causing distress
- C. Bronchodilators can cause tachycardia and restlessness
- D. If an attack occurs at home, the child should sit or stand
Correct answer: A
Rationale: Educating parents about avoiding triggers is a crucial part of managing asthma in children to prevent future asthma attacks. By identifying and minimizing exposure to triggers, parents can help reduce the risk of asthma exacerbations and improve the child's overall quality of life.
4. Which statement best describes direct contact as a mode of pathogen transmission?
- A. Transmission through large aerosols produced by sneezing or coughing
- B. Transfer of an infectious agent by suspended air particles from a reservoir to a host
- C. Transmission of infectious agents carried by dust
- D. Transmission through skin-to-skin contact or body fluids
Correct answer: D
Rationale: Direct contact transmission occurs when pathogens are spread through skin-to-skin contact or body fluids. This mode of transmission includes activities like touching, kissing, or sexual contact where infectious agents can pass directly from one person to another. It does not involve large aerosols, suspended air particles, or dust as carriers of the pathogen.
5. Serwaa, a 26-year-old mother, has brought her daughter to the OPD with signs of lower respiratory tract infection. Which of the following diagnoses is NOT typically associated with lower respiratory tract infections for her daughter?
- A. Pneumonia
- B. Asthma
- C. Bronchiolitis
- D. Coryza
Correct answer: D
Rationale: Coryza, also known as the common cold, is a viral infection that primarily affects the upper respiratory tract and is not typically associated with lower respiratory tract infections. Pneumonia, asthma, and bronchiolitis are conditions that commonly affect the lower respiratory tract, causing symptoms like cough, difficulty breathing, and chest pain.
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