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Pediatric ATI Proctored Test
1. What is a priority discharge instruction for a parent of a child experiencing the first episode of asthma?
- A. Asthma can be prevented by avoiding environmental and emotional triggers
- B. Asthma decreases the size of the airway causing distress
- C. Bronchodilators can cause tachycardia and restlessness
- D. If an attack occurs at home, the child should sit or stand
Correct answer: A
Rationale: Educating parents about avoiding triggers is a crucial part of managing asthma in children to prevent future asthma attacks. By identifying and minimizing exposure to triggers, parents can help reduce the risk of asthma exacerbations and improve the child's overall quality of life.
2. Fred, a 12-year-old boy, is diagnosed with pneumococcal pneumonia. Which of the following symptoms would Nurse Nica expect to assess?
- A. Mild cough
- B. Slight fever
- C. Chest pain
- D. Bulging fontanel
Correct answer: C
Rationale: Chest pain is a common symptom associated with pneumococcal pneumonia. It can occur due to inflammation of the pleura or irritation of the lung tissue, leading to sharp or stabbing pain that worsens with breathing or coughing. While cough and fever are also common with pneumonia, chest pain is particularly significant in this case.
3. Which of the following are not infectious causes of diarrhea?
- A. Allergy
- B. Bacteria
- C. Parasite
- D. Virus
Correct answer: A
Rationale: Diarrhea can be caused by various infectious agents such as bacteria, parasites, and viruses. Allergy, on the other hand, is a non-infectious cause of diarrhea. When an individual with a food allergy consumes the specific food they are allergic to, it can trigger diarrhea as a part of the allergic reaction.
4. In growing children, growth hormone deficiency results in short stature and very slow growth rates. Short stature may result from which of the following?
- A. Anterior pituitary gland hypofunction
- B. Posterior pituitary gland hyperfunction
- C. Parathyroid gland hyperfunction
- D. Thyroid gland hyperfunction
Correct answer: A
Rationale: Short stature in growing children can result from anterior pituitary gland hypofunction, which leads to growth hormone deficiency. The anterior pituitary gland plays a crucial role in stimulating the release of growth hormone, and when it is underactive (hypofunction), insufficient growth hormone is produced, resulting in short stature and slow growth rates.
5. A child with type 1 diabetes mellitus is brought to the emergency department by the mother, who states that the child has been complaining of abdominal pain and has been lethargic. Diabetic ketoacidosis is diagnosed. Anticipating the plan of care, the nurse prepares to administer which type of intravenous (IV) infusion?
- A. 5% dextrose infusion
- B. Normal saline infusion
- C. NPH insulin infusion
- D. Potassium infusion
Correct answer: B
Rationale: In the management of diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA), the initial intravenous (IV) fluid of choice is normal saline infusion. Normal saline helps to correct dehydration and electrolyte imbalances commonly seen in DKA patients. It does not contain glucose to prevent worsening hyperglycemia or ketoacidosis. NPH insulin infusion is not the initial treatment for DKA; it is typically used after fluid resuscitation. Potassium infusion may be required in DKA to address electrolyte imbalances, but normal saline is the priority for fluid resuscitation.
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