LPN LPN
LPN Fundamentals of Nursing
1. What is a true statement about caring for a client with a nasogastric (NG) tube?
- A. The NG tube should be flushed with 30 mL of water every 4 hours.
- B. The client should be positioned in a supine position.
- C. The NG tube should be advanced 5 cm if resistance is met.
- D. The client's nasal mucosa should be inspected daily.
Correct answer: A
Rationale: Flushing the NG tube with 30 mL of water every 4 hours is crucial to maintain its patency and prevent blockages. This routine ensures the tube stays clear and functional, enabling proper delivery of medications and nutrition to the client. Regular flushing also helps prevent residue buildup or clogs within the tube, reducing risks like aspiration or inaccurate medication dosing.
2. What is the primary benefit of using electronic health records (EHRs) in healthcare?
- A. EHRs eliminate the need for paper records.
- B. EHRs ensure complete patient confidentiality.
- C. EHRs improve the accuracy of patient information.
- D. EHRs reduce the time spent on documentation.
Correct answer: C
Rationale: The primary benefit of using electronic health records (EHRs) in healthcare is that they improve the accuracy and completeness of patient information. By utilizing EHRs, healthcare providers have access to more reliable and up-to-date patient data, which leads to better patient care outcomes. This improved accuracy enables healthcare professionals to make better-informed decisions and provide more effective treatments, ultimately enhancing patient safety and quality of care.
3. A client is experiencing dysphagia. Which of the following actions should the nurse take?
- A. Provide small food pieces.
- B. Offer thickened liquids.
- C. Encourage the client to sit upright after meals.
- D. Place food on the unaffected side of the mouth.
Correct answer: D
Rationale: When caring for a client with dysphagia, placing food on the unaffected side of the mouth can help them chew and swallow more effectively. This technique can assist in minimizing the risk of aspiration and improve the client's ability to manage food safely. Providing small food pieces, offering thickened liquids, and encouraging the client to sit upright after meals are also important interventions in managing dysphagia, but placing food on the unaffected side of the mouth is a specific technique that directly addresses the swallowing difficulty associated with dysphagia.
4. A client with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is being cared for by a nurse. Which of the following interventions should the nurse include in the plan of care?
- A. Encourage pursed-lip breathing.
- B. Administer oxygen at 6 L/min via nasal cannula.
- C. Place the client in a supine position.
- D. Restrict fluid intake to less than 1,500 mL/day.
Correct answer: A
Rationale: Encouraging pursed-lip breathing is essential for clients with COPD as it aids in improving ventilation and gas exchange. This technique helps keep the airways open longer during exhalation, preventing air trapping and promoting more effective breathing. Administering oxygen, placing the client in a supine position, or restricting fluid intake are not primary interventions for managing COPD and may not address the specific respiratory needs of the client.
5. A client has a new prescription for digoxin, and a nurse is providing teaching. Which of the following client statements indicates an understanding of the teaching?
- A. I will take my pulse before taking this medication.
- B. I will take this medication with an antacid.
- C. I will double the dose if I miss one.
- D. I will avoid eating bananas.
Correct answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A because taking the pulse before administering digoxin is crucial as the medication can cause bradycardia. Monitoring the pulse helps in identifying any signs of bradycardia, a common side effect of digoxin. Options B, C, and D are incorrect. Taking digoxin with an antacid may interfere with its absorption. Doubling the dose if a dose is missed can lead to overdose and adverse effects. Avoiding bananas is not specifically related to digoxin therapy.
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