LPN LPN
LPN Fundamentals of Nursing
1. Which of the following dietary modifications should be recommended to a client with hypertension?
- A. Increase sodium intake.
- B. Reduce potassium intake.
- C. Increase fiber intake.
- D. Reduce calcium intake.
Correct answer: C
Rationale: Increasing fiber intake is a beneficial dietary modification for clients with hypertension. Fiber helps in reducing blood pressure and improving cardiovascular health by promoting better digestion and regulating cholesterol levels. Therefore, advising a client with hypertension to increase fiber intake can be beneficial for their overall health. In contrast, increasing sodium intake can lead to higher blood pressure, reducing potassium intake is not recommended as potassium helps in regulating blood pressure, and reducing calcium intake is not typically necessary for hypertension management.
2. A client is experiencing dysphagia. Which of the following actions should the nurse take?
- A. Provide small food pieces.
- B. Offer thickened liquids.
- C. Encourage the client to sit upright after meals.
- D. Place food on the unaffected side of the mouth.
Correct answer: D
Rationale: When caring for a client with dysphagia, placing food on the unaffected side of the mouth can help them chew and swallow more effectively. This technique can assist in minimizing the risk of aspiration and improve the client's ability to manage food safely. Providing small food pieces, offering thickened liquids, and encouraging the client to sit upright after meals are also important interventions in managing dysphagia, but placing food on the unaffected side of the mouth is a specific technique that directly addresses the swallowing difficulty associated with dysphagia.
3. During tracheostomy care, what action should a healthcare professional take?
- A. Use clean technique to remove the inner cannula.
- B. Remove the outer cannula for cleaning.
- C. Soak the inner cannula in normal saline.
- D. Change tracheostomy ties if they are wet.
Correct answer: D
Rationale: Changing tracheostomy ties if they are wet is essential to prevent infection and maintain skin integrity. Wet ties can harbor bacteria, increasing the risk of skin breakdown and other complications. Regularly changing wet ties promotes cleanliness, reduces the likelihood of complications, and ensures optimal care for the client with a tracheostomy.
4. When educating a client on the proper use of a metered-dose inhaler (MDI), which of the following instructions should be included?
- A. Shake the inhaler before use.
- B. Inhale quickly and deeply.
- C. Use the inhaler as needed.
- D. Do not use a spacer with the inhaler.
Correct answer: A
Rationale: Shaking the inhaler before use is crucial to ensure proper mixing of the medication. This action helps distribute the medication evenly, allowing for consistent dosing with each use. It is a vital step in using a metered-dose inhaler correctly to optimize its effectiveness in managing respiratory conditions.
5. A client has a new diagnosis of hypertension and is being taught about dietary management. Which of the following client statements indicates an understanding of the teaching?
- A. I will increase my intake of dairy products.
- B. I will eat more fresh fruits and vegetables.
- C. I will limit my intake of whole grains.
- D. I will consume more red meat.
Correct answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B because increasing the intake of fresh fruits and vegetables can help manage blood pressure. These foods are rich in nutrients like potassium, fiber, and antioxidants, which are beneficial for individuals with hypertension. Dairy products are usually high in saturated fats, which can be detrimental to blood pressure control. Whole grains are generally recommended for their health benefits, including maintaining a healthy weight and heart health. Red meat is often high in saturated fats and can contribute to high blood pressure and other cardiovascular risks.
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