LPN LPN
LPN Fundamentals of Nursing
1. When planning care for a client with a pressure ulcer, which intervention should the nurse include in the plan?
- A. Massage the reddened area.
- B. Apply a donut-shaped cushion.
- C. Reposition the client every 3 hours.
- D. Use a transparent film dressing.
Correct answer: D
Rationale: The correct intervention for a client with a pressure ulcer is to use a transparent film dressing. This dressing provides a protective barrier against external contaminants while allowing for wound inspection, promoting healing. Massaging the reddened area can cause further damage to the skin and should be avoided. Donut-shaped cushions can increase pressure on the ulcer site rather than alleviate it. Repositioning the client every 2 hours is a preventive measure for pressure ulcers, but once an ulcer has developed, using a transparent film dressing is a more appropriate intervention to facilitate healing and protect the wound site.
2. What action should a healthcare provider take for a client with a new colostomy?
- A. Empty the colostomy bag when it is half full.
- B. Place aspirin in the colostomy bag to decrease odor.
- C. Use sterile technique when caring for the stoma.
- D. Change the pouch every 8 hours.
Correct answer: A
Rationale: Emptying the colostomy bag when it is half full is crucial to prevent leakage and detachment from the skin. This practice helps to maintain the integrity of the colostomy system, reducing the risk of skin irritation and odor. It is essential for client comfort and overall stoma care.
3. A client with meningitis is being assessed by a healthcare provider. Which of the following findings should the provider expect?
- A. Negative Brudzinski’s sign.
- B. Flaccid neck muscles.
- C. Petechial rash.
- D. Hypoactive deep tendon reflexes.
Correct answer: C
Rationale: A petechial rash is a characteristic finding in clients with meningitis, indicating small, pinpoint hemorrhages under the skin. This rash results from the infection's impact on the blood vessels. Petechiae are important to recognize as they can help differentiate meningitis from other conditions with similar symptoms. Brudzinski’s sign, neck stiffness, and positive Kernig’s sign are more common physical exam findings in meningitis. Flaccid neck muscles and hypoactive deep tendon reflexes are not typically associated with meningitis.
4. What is the primary benefit of using electronic health records (EHRs) in healthcare?
- A. EHRs eliminate the need for paper records.
- B. EHRs ensure complete patient confidentiality.
- C. EHRs improve the accuracy of patient information.
- D. EHRs reduce the time spent on documentation.
Correct answer: C
Rationale: The primary benefit of using electronic health records (EHRs) in healthcare is that they improve the accuracy and completeness of patient information. By utilizing EHRs, healthcare providers have access to more reliable and up-to-date patient data, which leads to better patient care outcomes. This improved accuracy enables healthcare professionals to make better-informed decisions and provide more effective treatments, ultimately enhancing patient safety and quality of care.
5. Which of the following dietary modifications should be recommended to a client with hypertension?
- A. Increase sodium intake.
- B. Reduce potassium intake.
- C. Increase fiber intake.
- D. Reduce calcium intake.
Correct answer: C
Rationale: Increasing fiber intake is a beneficial dietary modification for clients with hypertension. Fiber helps in reducing blood pressure and improving cardiovascular health by promoting better digestion and regulating cholesterol levels. Therefore, advising a client with hypertension to increase fiber intake can be beneficial for their overall health. In contrast, increasing sodium intake can lead to higher blood pressure, reducing potassium intake is not recommended as potassium helps in regulating blood pressure, and reducing calcium intake is not typically necessary for hypertension management.
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