LPN LPN
LPN Fundamentals of Nursing
1. What action should a healthcare provider take for a client with a new colostomy?
- A. Empty the colostomy bag when it is half full.
- B. Place aspirin in the colostomy bag to decrease odor.
- C. Use sterile technique when caring for the stoma.
- D. Change the pouch every 8 hours.
Correct answer: A
Rationale: Emptying the colostomy bag when it is half full is crucial to prevent leakage and detachment from the skin. This practice helps to maintain the integrity of the colostomy system, reducing the risk of skin irritation and odor. It is essential for client comfort and overall stoma care.
2. Which of the following dietary modifications should be recommended to a client with hypertension?
- A. Increase sodium intake.
- B. Reduce potassium intake.
- C. Increase fiber intake.
- D. Reduce calcium intake.
Correct answer: C
Rationale: Increasing fiber intake is a beneficial dietary modification for clients with hypertension. Fiber helps in reducing blood pressure and improving cardiovascular health by promoting better digestion and regulating cholesterol levels. Therefore, advising a client with hypertension to increase fiber intake can be beneficial for their overall health. In contrast, increasing sodium intake can lead to higher blood pressure, reducing potassium intake is not recommended as potassium helps in regulating blood pressure, and reducing calcium intake is not typically necessary for hypertension management.
3. A healthcare provider is assessing a client who has anemia. Which of the following findings should the healthcare provider expect?
- A. Bradycardia.
- B. Pallor.
- C. Hypertension.
- D. Jaundice.
Correct answer: B
Rationale: Pallor is a common finding in clients with anemia due to decreased hemoglobin levels. Anemia leads to reduced oxygen-carrying capacity in the blood, resulting in pale skin and mucous membranes, which is known as pallor. Bradycardia, hypertension, and jaundice are typically not associated with anemia.
4. A client with a new diagnosis of diabetes mellitus is receiving teaching from a healthcare provider. Which of the following statements by the client indicates an understanding of the teaching?
- A. I will take my insulin only if my blood sugar is above 200 mg/dL.
- B. I will eat a snack before exercising.
- C. I will avoid all carbohydrates.
- D. I will check my blood sugar once a week.
Correct answer: B
Rationale: Eating a snack before exercising is crucial for managing blood sugar levels and preventing hypoglycemia in individuals with diabetes. Exercising on an empty stomach can lead to low blood sugar levels, but consuming a snack before physical activity helps stabilize blood sugar and provides energy for the body. This proactive approach demonstrates the client's understanding of the importance of managing blood sugar levels during physical activity.
5. What action should the nurse take to prevent aspiration in a client receiving enteral nutrition?
- A. Flush the feeding tube with water before and after feedings.
- B. Elevate the head of the bed to 30-45 degrees during feedings.
- C. Administer the feeding slowly.
- D. Check the client's weight daily.
Correct answer: B
Rationale: Elevating the head of the bed to 30-45 degrees during feedings is essential to prevent aspiration in clients receiving enteral nutrition. This positioning helps decrease the risk of regurgitation and aspiration by supporting proper digestion and aiding food passage through the gastrointestinal tract. Elevating the head of the bed is a standard precautionary measure recommended to reduce the chances of aspiration and should be consistently implemented during feedings to ensure client safety and optimal enteral nutrition delivery.
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