LPN LPN
ATI PN Comprehensive Predictor 2020
1. What are the key components of a respiratory assessment?
- A. Inspection, Palpation, Percussion, Auscultation
- B. Inspection, Observation, Auscultation, Percussion
- C. Auscultation, Palpation, Observation, Percussion
- D. Observation, Palpation, Percussion, Auscultation
Correct answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Inspection, Palpation, Percussion, Auscultation. A focused respiratory assessment involves inspecting the chest for symmetry and signs of distress, palpating for tenderness or abnormal masses, performing percussion to assess underlying tissues, and auscultating lung sounds. Choice B is incorrect as observation is a broad term that can encompass both inspection and palpation. Choice C is incorrect as auscultation is usually performed after inspection and palpation. Choice D is incorrect as observation should be more specific, and auscultation is a key component that is typically done last in a respiratory assessment.
2. A client undergoing surgery is being taught about the use of a patient-controlled analgesia (PCA) pump by a nurse. Which statement by the client indicates an understanding of the teaching?
- A. I will ask my spouse to push the button when I am sleeping
- B. I will use the PCA pump to keep me comfortable during the night
- C. I will ask the nurse to increase the dosage if I still feel pain
- D. I will press the button for medication as soon as I feel pain
Correct answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D because clients should press the button on the PCA pump when they feel pain to receive controlled doses of medication. Option A is incorrect as the client should be the one to self-administer the medication through the PCA pump. Option B is incorrect as the primary purpose of the PCA pump is to manage pain, not to keep the client comfortable. Option C is incorrect because the client should not adjust the dosage themselves; instead, they should communicate any pain concerns to the healthcare provider.
3. What are the risk factors for developing Type 2 diabetes?
- A. Obesity, sedentary lifestyle, and poor diet
- B. Age, gender, and family history
- C. Smoking, alcohol consumption, and hypertension
- D. Frequent exercise and low-carbohydrate diet
Correct answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Obesity, sedentary lifestyle, and poor diet are established risk factors for developing Type 2 diabetes. Obesity puts extra pressure on the body's ability to properly control blood sugar levels. A sedentary lifestyle contributes to weight gain and insulin resistance. Poor diet, especially one high in processed foods and sugary beverages, can also increase the risk of developing Type 2 diabetes. Choices B, C, and D are incorrect because age, gender, family history, smoking, alcohol consumption, and hypertension can impact overall health but are not the primary risk factors for Type 2 diabetes.
4. How should a healthcare provider respond to a patient experiencing a seizure?
- A. Protect the airway and monitor for post-ictal confusion
- B. Administer anticonvulsant medications
- C. Apply restraints to prevent injury
- D. Place the patient in a side-lying position
Correct answer: D
Rationale: When a patient is experiencing a seizure, the immediate priority is to ensure their safety by placing them in a side-lying position. This helps prevent aspiration in case of vomiting and maintains an open airway. Administering anticonvulsant medications is not within the scope of a healthcare provider's immediate response during a seizure. Applying restraints can potentially harm the patient by restricting movement and causing injury. Monitoring for post-ictal confusion is important after the seizure has ended, but the primary concern during the seizure is ensuring the patient's safety.
5. What are the common causes of postoperative pain and how should it be managed?
- A. Surgical incision and muscle tension
- B. Nerve damage and wound complications
- C. Hypotension and respiratory issues
- D. Infection at the incision site
Correct answer: A
Rationale: Postoperative pain is commonly caused by the surgical incision and muscle tension. The correct answer is A. Surgical incisions cause tissue damage, triggering pain responses. Muscle tension can result from factors like positioning during surgery or guarding due to pain. Managing postoperative pain caused by surgical incisions and muscle tension involves the use of analgesics to alleviate discomfort. Choices B, C, and D are incorrect. Nerve damage and wound complications may also cause pain but are not as common as surgical incisions and muscle tension. Hypotension and respiratory issues are not direct causes of postoperative pain. Infection at the incision site can lead to pain, but it is a specific complication rather than a common cause of postoperative pain.
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