LPN LPN
ATI PN Comprehensive Predictor 2020
1. A healthcare provider is providing discharge teaching to a client who is recovering from acute pancreatitis. Which of the following instructions should the healthcare provider include?
- A. Consume a low-fat diet.
- B. Limit your carbohydrate intake.
- C. Increase your protein intake.
- D. Take acetaminophen for pain management.
Correct answer: A
Rationale: Clients recovering from acute pancreatitis should consume a low-fat diet to reduce the workload on the pancreas and prevent exacerbation. This diet helps in minimizing the stimulation of pancreatic enzyme secretion, which aids in the recovery process. Choices B, C, and D are incorrect as limiting carbohydrate intake or increasing protein intake may not be necessary for acute pancreatitis, and acetaminophen may not be the first-line choice for pain management in this condition.
2. A nurse is reviewing the medical record of a client with dementia who frequently becomes agitated. What should the nurse prioritize?
- A. Investigate the client's fluid and electrolyte balance
- B. Investigate the client's recent medication changes
- C. Investigate recent changes in cognitive functioning
- D. Investigate the client's psychosocial environment
Correct answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is to investigate the client's recent medication changes. In a client with dementia who frequently becomes agitated, medication changes can often be a significant factor contributing to their behavior. Checking recent medication changes can help identify if any specific medication is causing or exacerbating the agitation. Choice A about fluid and electrolyte balance is less likely to be the priority unless there are specific indications in the medical record. Choice C, investigating recent changes in cognitive functioning, may be important but addressing the agitation first is a more immediate concern. Choice D, investigating the client's psychosocial environment, is also important but may not directly address the immediate cause of the agitation as medication changes could.
3. How should a healthcare professional assess a patient with a suspected infection?
- A. Monitor temperature and check for elevated white blood cells
- B. Monitor blood pressure and check for fever
- C. Assess for changes in mental status and monitor urine output
- D. Administer antibiotics and monitor for changes in mental status
Correct answer: A
Rationale: When assessing a patient with a suspected infection, it is crucial to monitor temperature and check for elevated white blood cells. Elevated temperature indicates a potential infection, and increased white blood cells are a sign of inflammation and the body's response to an infection. Monitoring blood pressure (choice B) and checking for fever (choice B) are not as specific indicators of infection as monitoring temperature and white blood cell count. Assessing changes in mental status and monitoring urine output (choice C) are important aspects of patient assessment but may not directly indicate a suspected infection. Administering antibiotics (choice D) should only be done after a confirmed diagnosis of a bacterial infection, as unnecessary antibiotic use can lead to antibiotic resistance and other adverse effects.
4. What guides behavior and decision making based on values and beliefs?
- A. Morals
- B. Beliefs
- C. Ethics
- D. Autonomy
Correct answer: A
Rationale: Morals are the values and beliefs that guide behavior and decision-making. While beliefs are part of the equation, morals specifically dictate how individuals act and make choices. Ethics, on the other hand, refer to a system of moral principles governing conduct. Autonomy, although important, is not directly related to the values and beliefs that guide behavior and decision making.
5. What is the role of the nurse in the care of a patient with a pressure ulcer?
- A. Clean the wound and apply a protective dressing
- B. Assess the wound and reposition the patient frequently
- C. Apply pressure to the ulcer and monitor for signs of healing
- D. Provide pain relief and administer antibiotics as needed
Correct answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Assess the wound and reposition the patient frequently. When caring for a patient with a pressure ulcer, it is crucial for the nurse to assess the wound regularly to monitor its progress and prevent complications. Additionally, repositioning the patient frequently helps to relieve pressure on the affected area, prevent further damage, and promote healing. Choice A is incorrect because while cleaning the wound is important, applying a protective dressing is not the primary role of the nurse in managing a pressure ulcer. Choice C is incorrect as applying pressure to the ulcer is harmful, and monitoring for signs of healing should not involve applying pressure. Choice D is incorrect as providing pain relief and administering antibiotics may be necessary but are not the primary interventions for managing a pressure ulcer.
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