LPN LPN
ATI PN Comprehensive Predictor 2020
1. What guides behavior and decision making based on values and beliefs?
- A. Morals
- B. Beliefs
- C. Ethics
- D. Autonomy
Correct answer: A
Rationale: Morals are the values and beliefs that guide behavior and decision-making. While beliefs are part of the equation, morals specifically dictate how individuals act and make choices. Ethics, on the other hand, refer to a system of moral principles governing conduct. Autonomy, although important, is not directly related to the values and beliefs that guide behavior and decision making.
2. A healthcare professional is collecting data from a client who is in the diagnostic center and is scheduled to undergo a colonoscopy. Based on the information provided in the client's chart, which of the following pieces of data places this client at risk for colorectal cancer?
- A. Family history of asthma
- B. Elevated BMI
- C. History of travel
- D. High cholesterol
Correct answer: B
Rationale: Elevated BMI is a significant risk factor for colorectal cancer. Excess body weight, especially around the waist, increases the risk of developing this type of cancer. Family history of asthma (Choice A) is not directly related to colorectal cancer risk. History of travel (Choice C) and high cholesterol (Choice D) are also not established risk factors for colorectal cancer.
3. A client who is immobile needs interventions to prevent contractures. Which of the following interventions is appropriate?
- A. Aligning a trochanter wedge between the client's legs.
- B. Placing a towel roll under the client's neck.
- C. Applying an orthotic to the client's foot.
- D. Positioning a pillow under the client's knees.
Correct answer: C
Rationale: Applying an orthotic to the client's foot is the appropriate intervention to prevent contractures in an immobile client. An orthotic helps maintain proper alignment and prevents the development of contractures by keeping the foot in the correct position. Choices A, B, and D are incorrect because a trochanter wedge, towel roll under the neck, and pillow under the knees are not specific interventions for preventing contractures in an immobile client.
4. A client receiving chemotherapy has developed stomatitis. Which of the following actions should the nurse take?
- A. Provide lemon-glycerin swabs
- B. Encourage the client to eat soft foods
- C. Avoid using toothpaste
- D. Instruct the client to use a mouthwash containing alcohol
Correct answer: B
Rationale: The correct action for the nurse to take when caring for a client with stomatitis due to chemotherapy is to encourage the client to eat soft foods. Soft foods help prevent further irritation to the already inflamed and sore oral mucosa. Providing lemon-glycerin swabs may further irritate the mucosa due to the acidic nature of lemon. Avoiding toothpaste is advisable as many toothpaste products contain ingredients that can aggravate stomatitis. Instructing the client to use a mouthwash containing alcohol is contraindicated as alcohol-based mouthwashes can be too harsh and drying for the already sensitive oral tissues.
5. What is the role of the nurse in the care of a patient with a pressure ulcer?
- A. Clean the wound and apply a protective dressing
- B. Assess the wound and reposition the patient frequently
- C. Apply pressure to the ulcer and monitor for signs of healing
- D. Provide pain relief and administer antibiotics as needed
Correct answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Assess the wound and reposition the patient frequently. When caring for a patient with a pressure ulcer, it is crucial for the nurse to assess the wound regularly to monitor its progress and prevent complications. Additionally, repositioning the patient frequently helps to relieve pressure on the affected area, prevent further damage, and promote healing. Choice A is incorrect because while cleaning the wound is important, applying a protective dressing is not the primary role of the nurse in managing a pressure ulcer. Choice C is incorrect as applying pressure to the ulcer is harmful, and monitoring for signs of healing should not involve applying pressure. Choice D is incorrect as providing pain relief and administering antibiotics may be necessary but are not the primary interventions for managing a pressure ulcer.
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