LPN LPN
LPN Nursing Fundamentals
1. A client with a new diagnosis of osteoporosis is being taught about dietary management. Which of the following statements should be included in the teaching?
- A. You should increase your intake of calcium-rich foods.
- B. You should decrease your intake of potassium-rich foods.
- C. You should avoid foods that contain vitamin D.
- D. You should increase your intake of high-sodium foods.
Correct answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: 'You should increase your intake of calcium-rich foods.' Increasing intake of calcium-rich foods is essential for managing osteoporosis because calcium is necessary for bone health and density. Adequate calcium intake can help prevent further bone loss and reduce the risk of fractures in individuals with osteoporosis. Choices B, C, and D are incorrect. Decreasing intake of potassium-rich foods is not necessary for osteoporosis management. Avoiding foods that contain vitamin D is counterproductive since vitamin D is essential for calcium absorption. Increasing intake of high-sodium foods is not recommended as it can contribute to bone loss and negatively impact bone health.
2. A client has a new diagnosis of gout, and the nurse is providing dietary management education. Which of the following statements should the nurse include in the teaching?
- A. You should increase your intake of purine-rich foods.
- B. You should decrease your intake of purine-rich foods.
- C. You should avoid foods that contain lactose.
- D. You should increase your intake of dairy products.
Correct answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is to decrease intake of purine-rich foods to manage uric acid levels and symptoms of gout. Purine-rich foods can exacerbate gout symptoms by increasing uric acid production, leading to flare-ups. Therefore, reducing purine intake is essential in the dietary management of gout. Option A is incorrect because increasing purine-rich foods can worsen gout symptoms. Option C is irrelevant as lactose is not directly related to gout. Option D is incorrect as increasing dairy products is not a recommended dietary modification for managing gout.
3. A client receives education on dietary management for ulcerative colitis from a nurse. Which of the following statements should the nurse include in the teaching?
- A. You should increase your intake of high-fiber foods.
- B. You should avoid foods containing lactose.
- C. You should decrease your intake of dairy products.
- D. You should increase your intake of dairy products.
Correct answer: C
Rationale: The correct statement the nurse should include in the teaching is to decrease the intake of dairy products. This is because reducing the intake of dairy products is beneficial in managing symptoms of ulcerative colitis. Dairy products can aggravate symptoms due to their lactose content, thus advising the client to decrease their consumption can help alleviate discomfort and promote better management of the condition.\nChoice A is incorrect because increasing high-fiber foods may worsen symptoms in some individuals with ulcerative colitis.\nChoice B is incorrect as while it is advised to avoid foods containing lactose, this alone does not encompass the full dietary management for ulcerative colitis.\nChoice D is incorrect as increasing the intake of dairy products can exacerbate symptoms in individuals with ulcerative colitis due to their lactose content.
4. A client has a new diagnosis of GERD. Which of the following statements should the nurse include in the teaching about dietary management?
- A. You should increase your intake of high-fat foods.
- B. You should decrease your intake of high-fat foods.
- C. You should avoid foods that contain gluten.
- D. You should increase your intake of dairy products.
Correct answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is to decrease the intake of high-fat foods. High-fat foods can exacerbate symptoms of GERD by delaying stomach emptying and increasing the risk of reflux. By reducing high-fat foods in the diet, the client can help manage symptoms of GERD and decrease the likelihood of complications. Choice A is incorrect because increasing high-fat foods can worsen GERD symptoms. Choice C is unrelated as gluten is not a specific concern for GERD. Choice D is incorrect as increasing dairy products may lead to increased fat intake, which is not recommended for GERD.
5. A client has a new diagnosis of osteoarthritis and is being taught about dietary management. Which of the following statements should be included in the teaching?
- A. Increase your intake of calcium-rich foods.
- B. Avoid foods that are high in potassium.
- C. Increase your intake of vitamin D-rich foods.
- D. Avoid foods that are high in sodium.
Correct answer: C
Rationale: The correct statement to include in the teaching is to increase the intake of vitamin D-rich foods. Vitamin D helps improve calcium absorption, which is beneficial for bone health and may help alleviate symptoms of osteoarthritis. Option A is incorrect because while calcium is important for bone health, the focus should be on vitamin D for calcium absorption. Option B is incorrect as potassium is generally not restricted in osteoarthritis. Option D is also incorrect as sodium restriction is more relevant for conditions like hypertension or heart failure, not specifically for osteoarthritis.
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