LPN LPN
LPN Nursing Fundamentals
1. A client has a new diagnosis of lactose intolerance and is receiving teaching from a nurse about dietary management. Which of the following statements should the nurse include in the teaching?
- A. You should avoid foods that contain lactose.
- B. You should increase your intake of high-fiber foods.
- C. You should avoid foods that contain gluten.
- D. You should increase your intake of dairy products.
Correct answer: A
Rationale: The correct statement for the nurse to include in teaching a client with lactose intolerance is to avoid foods that contain lactose. Lactose intolerance results from the body's inability to digest lactose, a sugar found in dairy products. By avoiding foods containing lactose, the client can manage symptoms and prevent complications associated with lactose intolerance. Choices B, C, and D are incorrect. Increasing intake of high-fiber foods (choice B) may be beneficial for general health but is not directly related to lactose intolerance. Avoiding gluten (choice C) is necessary for individuals with celiac disease, not lactose intolerance. Increasing intake of dairy products (choice D) would worsen symptoms in individuals with lactose intolerance due to the lactose content.
2. A client with a new diagnosis of hypertension is being taught about lifestyle changes. Which of the following statements should the nurse include in the teaching?
- A. You should limit your alcohol intake to no more than one drink per day.
- B. You should increase your sodium intake to at least 2,300 mg per day.
- C. You should limit your physical activity to avoid increasing your blood pressure.
- D. You should avoid eating dairy products to help lower your blood pressure.
Correct answer: A
Rationale: The correct statement to include in teaching a client with hypertension is to limit alcohol intake to no more than one drink per day. Excessive alcohol consumption can raise blood pressure and lead to complications. Increasing sodium intake, limiting physical activity, and avoiding dairy products are not recommended for managing hypertension. Clients with hypertension should follow a heart-healthy diet low in sodium, engage in regular physical activity, and monitor their blood pressure regularly to control hypertension effectively.
3. A client has a new diagnosis of hyperkalemia and is receiving teaching from a healthcare provider on dietary management. Which of the following statements should the healthcare provider include in the teaching?
- A. You should increase your intake of potassium-rich foods.
- B. You should decrease your intake of potassium-rich foods.
- C. You should avoid foods that contain lactose.
- D. You should increase your intake of dairy products.
Correct answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: 'You should decrease your intake of potassium-rich foods.' Hyperkalemia is a condition characterized by excess potassium in the blood. To manage hyperkalemia effectively, it is crucial to reduce the intake of potassium-rich foods. This helps in lowering the overall potassium levels in the body and prevents complications associated with hyperkalemia. Choices A, C, and D are incorrect. Increasing the intake of potassium-rich foods (Choice A) would exacerbate hyperkalemia. Avoiding foods that contain lactose (Choice C) is not directly related to managing hyperkalemia. Increasing the intake of dairy products (Choice D) is not recommended as they can be a significant source of dietary potassium.
4. A client has a new diagnosis of gout, and the nurse is providing dietary management education. Which of the following statements should the nurse include in the teaching?
- A. You should increase your intake of purine-rich foods.
- B. You should decrease your intake of purine-rich foods.
- C. You should avoid foods that contain lactose.
- D. You should increase your intake of dairy products.
Correct answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is to decrease intake of purine-rich foods to manage uric acid levels and symptoms of gout. Purine-rich foods can exacerbate gout symptoms by increasing uric acid production, leading to flare-ups. Therefore, reducing purine intake is essential in the dietary management of gout. Option A is incorrect because increasing purine-rich foods can worsen gout symptoms. Option C is irrelevant as lactose is not directly related to gout. Option D is incorrect as increasing dairy products is not a recommended dietary modification for managing gout.
5. A client with a new diagnosis of pancreatitis is being taught about dietary management. Which of the following statements should the nurse include in the teaching?
- A. You should increase your intake of high-fat foods.
- B. You should decrease your intake of high-fat foods.
- C. You should avoid foods that contain lactose.
- D. You should increase your intake of dairy products.
Correct answer: B
Rationale: The correct statement the nurse should include in teaching a client with pancreatitis is to decrease the intake of high-fat foods. This dietary modification is crucial in managing symptoms and preventing exacerbations of pancreatitis. High-fat foods can put a strain on the pancreas, potentially leading to further complications. Choice A is incorrect because increasing intake of high-fat foods can worsen pancreatitis. Choice C is unrelated to pancreatitis management, as lactose intolerance is not directly linked to pancreatitis. Choice D is also incorrect, as increasing dairy product intake may not be suitable for all individuals with pancreatitis due to the fat content in many dairy products.
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