LPN LPN
LPN Nursing Fundamentals
1. When teaching a client with a new diagnosis of hepatitis about dietary management, which of the following statements should the nurse include?
- A. Increase your intake of high-protein foods.
- B. Decrease your intake of high-protein foods.
- C. Avoid foods that contain lactose.
- D. Increase your intake of dairy products.
Correct answer: B
Rationale: For a client with hepatitis, it is important to decrease the intake of high-protein foods. High-protein foods can be harder for the liver to process and may exacerbate symptoms or contribute to liver damage. Recommending a diet with moderate protein intake is beneficial for managing symptoms and promoting liver health. Choice A is incorrect as increasing high-protein foods can strain the liver. Choice C is not directly related to hepatitis unless there is an intolerance present. Choice D is also incorrect because increasing dairy products may not be suitable for all individuals with hepatitis, especially if there are underlying liver conditions that could be aggravated by certain dairy components.
2. A client has a new diagnosis of lactose intolerance and is receiving teaching from a nurse about dietary management. Which of the following statements should the nurse include in the teaching?
- A. You should avoid foods that contain lactose.
- B. You should increase your intake of high-fiber foods.
- C. You should avoid foods that contain gluten.
- D. You should increase your intake of dairy products.
Correct answer: A
Rationale: The correct statement for the nurse to include in teaching a client with lactose intolerance is to avoid foods that contain lactose. Lactose intolerance results from the body's inability to digest lactose, a sugar found in dairy products. By avoiding foods containing lactose, the client can manage symptoms and prevent complications associated with lactose intolerance. Choices B, C, and D are incorrect. Increasing intake of high-fiber foods (choice B) may be beneficial for general health but is not directly related to lactose intolerance. Avoiding gluten (choice C) is necessary for individuals with celiac disease, not lactose intolerance. Increasing intake of dairy products (choice D) would worsen symptoms in individuals with lactose intolerance due to the lactose content.
3. A client has a new diagnosis of hypothyroidism, and a nurse is providing dietary management education. Which of the following statements should the nurse include in the teaching?
- A. You should increase your intake of iodine-rich foods.
- B. You should decrease your intake of iodine-rich foods.
- C. You should avoid foods that contain lactose.
- D. You should increase your intake of dairy products.
Correct answer: A
Rationale: In hypothyroidism, increasing intake of iodine-rich foods is beneficial as iodine is essential for the production of thyroid hormones. This helps to support thyroid function in individuals with hypothyroidism. Therefore, advising the client to increase their intake of iodine-rich foods aligns with the recommended dietary management for hypothyroidism. Choice B is incorrect because decreasing iodine-rich foods could lead to further deficiency in individuals with hypothyroidism. Choice C is not directly related to hypothyroidism and lactose intolerance is a separate issue. Choice D is incorrect as increasing dairy products is not a specific recommendation for hypothyroidism unless the client has a deficiency of calcium or vitamin D, which should be assessed separately.
4. A client with a new diagnosis of chronic kidney disease is being taught about dietary management. Which of the following statements should be included in the teaching?
- A. Increase your intake of protein-rich foods.
- B. Decrease your intake of phosphorus-rich foods.
- C. Avoid foods that contain lactose.
- D. Increase your intake of potassium-rich foods.
Correct answer: B
Rationale: In chronic kidney disease, decreasing the intake of phosphorus-rich foods is essential as impaired kidney function can lead to difficulty in excreting phosphorus, causing an imbalance. This can result in bone and heart complications. Therefore, educating the client to reduce phosphorus intake is crucial for managing the disease and preventing further complications. Option A is incorrect because excessive protein intake can burden the kidneys. Option C is not directly related to the management of chronic kidney disease. Option D is also incorrect as potassium intake may need to be limited in certain stages of kidney disease.
5. A client has a new diagnosis of hyperthyroidism and is being taught about dietary management. Which of the following statements should the nurse include in the teaching?
- A. You should increase your intake of iodine-rich foods.
- B. You should avoid foods that contain iodine.
- C. You should increase your intake of dairy products.
- D. You should avoid foods that contain gluten.
Correct answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B. In hyperthyroidism, it is advisable to avoid foods that contain iodine to help manage the condition and prevent complications. Excessive iodine intake can exacerbate hyperthyroidism symptoms by stimulating the thyroid gland. Therefore, the nurse should include information about avoiding iodine-rich foods in the client's dietary management teaching. Choices A, C, and D are incorrect because increasing intake of iodine-rich foods can worsen hyperthyroidism symptoms, increasing dairy products is not specific to managing hyperthyroidism, and avoiding gluten is more relevant for conditions like celiac disease, not hyperthyroidism.
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