LPN LPN
LPN Nursing Fundamentals
1. A client with a new diagnosis of hypertension is being taught about lifestyle changes. Which of the following statements should the nurse include in the teaching?
- A. You should limit your alcohol intake to no more than one drink per day.
- B. You should increase your sodium intake to at least 2,300 mg per day.
- C. You should limit your physical activity to avoid increasing your blood pressure.
- D. You should avoid eating dairy products to help lower your blood pressure.
Correct answer: A
Rationale: The correct statement to include in teaching a client with hypertension is to limit alcohol intake to no more than one drink per day. Excessive alcohol consumption can raise blood pressure and lead to complications. Increasing sodium intake, limiting physical activity, and avoiding dairy products are not recommended for managing hypertension. Clients with hypertension should follow a heart-healthy diet low in sodium, engage in regular physical activity, and monitor their blood pressure regularly to control hypertension effectively.
2. When teaching a client with a new diagnosis of heart failure about dietary management, which of the following statements should the nurse include?
- A. Increase your intake of sodium-rich foods.
- B. Decrease your intake of sodium-rich foods.
- C. Avoid foods that contain lactose.
- D. Increase your intake of dairy products.
Correct answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is to decrease the intake of sodium-rich foods. Sodium restriction is crucial in managing heart failure as it helps to reduce fluid retention and alleviate symptoms. Excessive sodium intake can lead to fluid buildup in the body, worsening heart failure. Therefore, advising the client to decrease sodium-rich foods is essential for their overall health and management of the condition. Choices A, C, and D are incorrect. Increasing intake of sodium-rich foods (Choice A) would worsen fluid retention and heart failure symptoms. Avoiding foods that contain lactose (Choice C) is not directly related to heart failure management through sodium restriction. Increasing intake of dairy products (Choice D) may not be suitable for all heart failure patients, especially if they need to limit saturated fats or cholesterol in their diet.
3. A client with a new diagnosis of cirrhosis is receiving dietary management education from a nurse. Which of the following statements should the nurse include in the teaching?
- A. You should increase your intake of sodium-rich foods.
- B. You should decrease your intake of sodium-rich foods.
- C. You should avoid foods that contain lactose.
- D. You should increase your intake of dairy products.
Correct answer: B
Rationale: Reducing the intake of sodium-rich foods is beneficial for managing fluid retention and symptoms of cirrhosis. Excessive sodium can lead to fluid buildup in the body, worsening edema and ascites commonly associated with cirrhosis. Therefore, advising the client to decrease their intake of sodium-rich foods is crucial in the dietary management of cirrhosis. Option A is incorrect as increasing sodium intake would exacerbate fluid retention. Option C is irrelevant to cirrhosis management unless the client has lactose intolerance. Option D is incorrect as increasing dairy product intake may not be suitable for all patients with cirrhosis, especially if they have complications like hepatic encephalopathy.
4. A client has a new diagnosis of nephrotic syndrome, and the nurse is providing dietary management education. Which of the following statements should the nurse include in the teaching?
- A. You should increase your intake of high-sodium foods.
- B. You should decrease your intake of high-sodium foods.
- C. You should avoid foods that contain lactose.
- D. You should increase your intake of dairy products.
Correct answer: B
Rationale: For a client with nephrotic syndrome, decreasing the intake of high-sodium foods is essential to manage fluid retention and symptoms of the condition. Excessive sodium can lead to fluid retention, swelling, and worsen the condition. Therefore, advising the client to decrease their high-sodium food intake aligns with the dietary management approach to help control nephrotic syndrome. Choices A, C, and D are incorrect. Increasing high-sodium foods would exacerbate fluid retention, avoiding lactose is not specifically required for nephrotic syndrome, and increasing dairy products may not be necessary unless individualized based on the client's needs and lab values.
5. A client with a new diagnosis of anemia is being taught about dietary management. Which of the following statements should be included in the teaching?
- A. You should increase your intake of foods high in iron.
- B. You should decrease your intake of foods high in calcium.
- C. You should avoid foods that contain gluten.
- D. You should increase your intake of high-fat foods.
Correct answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: 'You should increase your intake of foods high in iron.' This statement should be included in the teaching because increasing intake of foods high in iron is essential for managing anemia. Iron is a key component for producing hemoglobin, which carries oxygen in the blood. By increasing iron-rich foods like leafy greens, red meat, and fortified cereals, the client can help improve their hemoglobin levels and overall health. Choices B, C, and D are incorrect. Decreasing intake of foods high in calcium is not necessary for anemia management; avoiding foods that contain gluten is relevant for individuals with gluten sensitivity or celiac disease, not anemia; and increasing intake of high-fat foods is not recommended for managing anemia.
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