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ATI Pediatrics Proctored Exam 2023 with NGN
1. The healthcare provider is teaching a new mother how to care for her newborn's umbilical cord. Which instruction should be included?
- A. Keep the cord dry and exposed to air
- B. Clean the cord with alcohol at every diaper change
- C. Cover the cord with a sterile dressing
- D. Submerge the cord in water during baths
Correct answer: A
Rationale: Keeping the umbilical cord dry and exposed to air is the correct instruction because it promotes faster healing. Moisture can delay the healing process and increase the risk of infection. Cleaning the cord with alcohol at every diaper change or covering it with a sterile dressing can actually impede the healing process by preventing airflow. Submerging the cord in water during baths is not recommended as it can introduce moisture and increase the risk of infection.
2. Which of the following is NOT an infectious cause of diarrheal diseases?
- A. Allergy
- B. Bacterial
- C. Parasitic
- D. Viral
Correct answer: A
Rationale: Allergy is the correct answer as it is a non-infectious cause of diarrheal diseases. While bacterial, parasitic, and viral infections can lead to diarrhea by affecting the gastrointestinal tract, allergies are immune system reactions triggered by specific substances and are not caused by infectious agents. Bacterial, parasitic, and viral infections are known to cause infectious diarrhea, making choices B, C, and D incorrect.
3. When using the Ballard gestational assessment tool on a newborn, which of the following tests should be performed after the first hour of birth, allowing the newborn to recover from the stress of birth?
- A. Arm recoil
- B. Square window sign
- C. Scarf sign
- D. Popliteal angle
Correct answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is Arm recoil. Arm recoil is slower in healthy but fatigued newborns after birth, making it best elicited after the first hour of birth when the baby has had time to recover from the stress of birth. This assessment helps evaluate neuromuscular maturity in newborns and is more accurate when performed after the initial recovery period. The other choices, Square window sign, Scarf sign, and Popliteal angle, are not specifically assessed using the Ballard gestational assessment tool and do not relate to the recovery period after birth.
4. A new mother expresses concern about her baby's frequent hiccups. What should the nurse explain about newborn hiccups?
- A. Hiccups are a sign of respiratory distress in newborns.
- B. Hiccups indicate the baby is overeating.
- C. Hiccups are common and usually harmless in newborns.
- D. Hiccups are caused by a lack of burping.
Correct answer: C
Rationale: Newborn hiccups are common and usually harmless. They are typically caused by the baby's immature diaphragm and tend to resolve on their own. It is essential for parents to understand that hiccups in newborns are a normal phenomenon and do not necessarily indicate any underlying health issue. Choice A is incorrect because hiccups are not a sign of respiratory distress in newborns. Choice B is incorrect as hiccups do not indicate the baby is overeating. Choice D is also incorrect as hiccups are not solely caused by a lack of burping.
5. A mother reported to you that her 6-year-old child is suffering from diarrhea. Which of the following advice will you give to the mother?
- A. Breastfeeding should be continued day and night
- B. Formula milk should be stopped for 6 hours
- C. Breast milk can be given together with oral rehydration salts
- D. A and C
Correct answer: D
Rationale: When a child is suffering from diarrhea, it is essential to continue breastfeeding day and night to maintain hydration and provide necessary nutrients. Stopping formula milk for 6 hours (choice B) is not the recommended approach as it may lead to a lack of essential nutrients during this critical time. Giving breast milk together with oral rehydration salts (choice C) can help replenish lost fluids and electrolytes, making it a suitable recommendation. Therefore, advising the mother to follow both options A and C is the most appropriate approach to manage the child's condition effectively.
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