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ATI Pediatrics Proctored Exam 2023 with NGN
1. Which pain assessment tool is most appropriate for a 3-month-old hospitalized with a fractured femur?
- A. FLACC scale
- B. Poker chip tool
- C. Number scale
- D. Visual analog scale
Correct answer: A
Rationale: The FLACC scale, which stands for Face, Legs, Activity, Cry, and Consolability, is specifically designed for nonverbal patients like infants and young children. It assesses pain based on observable behaviors such as facial expressions, leg movement, activity level, cry, and the ability to be consoled. In this case, a 3-month-old infant who is unable to communicate verbally would best be assessed using the FLACC scale to determine the level of pain experienced due to a fractured femur. The Poker chip tool, Number scale, and Visual analog scale are not suitable for nonverbal infants and young children as they rely on self-reporting or cognitive abilities that are not yet developed at this age.
2. The healthcare provider is teaching a new mother how to care for her newborn's umbilical cord. Which instruction should be included?
- A. Keep the cord dry and exposed to air
- B. Clean the cord with alcohol at every diaper change
- C. Cover the cord with a sterile dressing
- D. Submerge the cord in water during baths
Correct answer: A
Rationale: Keeping the umbilical cord dry and exposed to air is the correct instruction because it promotes faster healing. Moisture can delay the healing process and increase the risk of infection. Cleaning the cord with alcohol at every diaper change or covering it with a sterile dressing can actually impede the healing process by preventing airflow. Submerging the cord in water during baths is not recommended as it can introduce moisture and increase the risk of infection.
3. Are most children with hypertension asymptomatic?
- A. TRUE
- B. FALSE
- C.
- D.
Correct answer: A
Rationale: The statement is true. In many cases, children with hypertension do not show any symptoms, making it challenging to diagnose them. Regular blood pressure checks are crucial to detect hypertension early, as it can have serious health implications if left untreated. Choice B is incorrect because most children with hypertension do not exhibit symptoms, hence being asymptomatic. Choices C and D are empty as they do not provide additional options.
4. Before drying off the newborn after birth, which assessment finding should the healthcare professional document to ensure an accurate gestational rating on the Ballard gestational assessment tool?
- A. Amount and area of vernix coverage
- B. Creases on the sole
- C. Size of the areola
- D. Body surface temperature
Correct answer: A
Rationale: To ensure an accurate gestational rating on the Ballard gestational assessment tool, healthcare professionals should document the amount and area of vernix coverage before drying the newborn. Drying the baby after birth could disturb the vernix, potentially affecting the gestational age assessment. Assessing and documenting the vernix coverage beforehand enables a more precise evaluation using the Ballard gestational assessment tool. Choices B, C, and D are incorrect as they are not directly related to gestational rating on the Ballard assessment tool.
5. What characteristic indicates that a mass on a newborn's head is a cephalohematoma?
- A. The mass appears on the second day after birth.
- B. The mass grows larger when the newborn cries.
- C. The head appears asymmetrical.
- D. The mass is located on only one side of the head.
Correct answer: A
Rationale: A cephalohematoma typically appears between the first and second days after birth, making choice A the correct answer. It results from blood vessel rupture between a cranial bone and the periosteal membrane. Choices B, C, and D are incorrect because the growth of the mass when the newborn cries, asymmetrical head appearance, or the mass being located on only one side of the head are not specific indicators of a cephalohematoma.
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