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ATI Pediatrics Proctored Exam 2023 with NGN
1. The healthcare provider assesses the newborn's ears to be parallel to the outer and inner canthus of the eye. The healthcare provider documents this finding to be which of the following?
- A. A normal position
- B. A possible chromosomal abnormality
- C. Facial paralysis
- D. Prematurity
Correct answer: A
Rationale: When the top of the ear (pinna) is parallel to the outer and inner canthus of the eye, it is considered a normal position in a newborn. This alignment is an important assessment to ensure normal development and anatomy. Choices B, C, and D are incorrect because the parallel alignment of the ears to the outer and inner canthus of the eye is not indicative of a possible chromosomal abnormality, facial paralysis, or prematurity. It is simply a normal anatomical finding in a newborn.
2. The healthcare provider is assessing a postpartum client who is 1 day post-delivery. Which finding would require immediate intervention?
- A. Lochia rubra with a few small clots
- B. Fundus firm and midline
- C. Temperature of 100.4°F (38°C)
- D. Saturated perineal pad in 15 minutes
Correct answer: D
Rationale: A saturated perineal pad in 15 minutes indicates excessive bleeding, known as postpartum hemorrhage, which is a critical condition requiring immediate intervention to prevent further complications like hypovolemic shock. Monitoring and managing postpartum bleeding are crucial in the early postpartum period to ensure the client's safety and well-being. The other options are normal postpartum findings: lochia rubra with a few small clots is expected in the early postpartum period, a firm and midline fundus indicates proper uterine contraction, and a temperature of 100.4°F (38°C) is within the normal range for the postpartum period.
3. The instructor is teaching a group of new mothers about infant care. Which statement indicates that further teaching is needed?
- A. I should put my baby to sleep on their back.
- B. I can give my baby water if they seem thirsty.
- C. Breastfeeding provides all the nutrients my baby needs.
- D. I should burp my baby after each feeding.
Correct answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B. Newborns do not need additional water as breast milk or formula provides all the necessary hydration. Giving water to infants can be harmful and is not recommended as it can interfere with the balance of electrolytes in their bodies. Choice A is correct as placing babies on their back for sleep is the recommended safe sleeping position. Choice C is also correct as breastfeeding does provide all the essential nutrients for babies. Choice D is correct as burping the baby after each feeding helps prevent discomfort from trapped air.
4. How can a new mother tell if her baby is getting enough breast milk?
- A. If your baby sleeps through the night, they are getting enough milk.
- B. If your baby has six to eight wet diapers a day, they are getting enough milk.
- C. If your baby cries frequently, they are getting enough milk.
- D. If your baby is awake and alert, they are getting enough milk.
Correct answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B. If a new mother observes that her baby has six to eight wet diapers a day, it indicates that the baby is getting enough breast milk. This is a crucial indicator of adequate milk intake and hydration in infants. Conversely, choices A, C, and D are incorrect. A baby sleeping through the night, crying frequently, or being awake and alert are not reliable indicators of sufficient breast milk intake. It is essential for new mothers to track their baby's diaper output to ensure they are receiving the necessary nutrition.
5. Which pain assessment tool is most appropriate for a 3-month-old hospitalized with a fractured femur?
- A. FLACC scale
- B. Poker chip tool
- C. Number scale
- D. Visual analog scale
Correct answer: A
Rationale: The FLACC scale, which stands for Face, Legs, Activity, Cry, and Consolability, is specifically designed for nonverbal patients like infants and young children. It assesses pain based on observable behaviors such as facial expressions, leg movement, activity level, cry, and the ability to be consoled. In this case, a 3-month-old infant who is unable to communicate verbally would best be assessed using the FLACC scale to determine the level of pain experienced due to a fractured femur. The Poker chip tool, Number scale, and Visual analog scale are not suitable for nonverbal infants and young children as they rely on self-reporting or cognitive abilities that are not yet developed at this age.
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