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ATI Pediatrics Proctored Exam 2023 with NGN
1. In educating the parents of a child diagnosed with hypothyroidism, the nurse mentions that the child should avoid goitrogens. Which of the following will the nurse mention as an example?
- A. Orange
- B. Tomatoes
- C. Cabbage
- D. Grapes
Correct answer: C
Rationale: Cabbage is an example of a goitrogen that should be avoided in children with hypothyroidism. Goitrogens are substances that can interfere with thyroid function by inhibiting iodine uptake, potentially worsening the condition. Cabbage, along with other cruciferous vegetables like broccoli and cauliflower, contains compounds that can affect thyroid hormone production. Oranges, tomatoes, and grapes are not classified as goitrogens. Therefore, it is important for parents to be aware of foods like cabbage and to limit their child's intake to help manage their hypothyroidism effectively.
2. What assessment finding places a newborn at risk for developing physiologic jaundice?
- A. Cephalohematoma
- B. Mongolian spots
- C. Telangiectatic nevi
- D. Molding
Correct answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A, Cephalohematoma. Physiologic jaundice in newborns can occur due to the breakdown of excess red blood cells. A cephalohematoma, a collection of blood caused by ruptured blood vessels between a cranial bone's surface and periosteal membrane, can lead to increased red blood cell breakdown. This increased breakdown can contribute to the development of physiologic jaundice in newborns. Choices B, Mongolian spots, and C, Telangiectatic nevi, are both benign skin conditions and are not directly associated with increased red blood cell breakdown. Choice D, Molding, refers to the shaping of the fetal head during passage through the birth canal and is not related to the development of physiologic jaundice.
3. A postpartum client who delivered a healthy newborn is being assessed by a nurse. Which finding would indicate a complication during the early postpartum period?
- A. Moderate lochia rubra
- B. Bradycardia
- C. Elevated blood pressure
- D. Uterine contraction
Correct answer: C
Rationale: An elevated blood pressure in the postpartum period may indicate the onset of preeclampsia, a serious complication that requires immediate medical attention. Preeclampsia is characterized by high blood pressure, protein in the urine, and sometimes swelling in the hands and face. If left untreated, preeclampsia can lead to serious complications for both the mother and the baby. Therefore, it is crucial for healthcare providers to closely monitor blood pressure levels in postpartum clients to promptly address any signs of preeclampsia. Choices A, B, and D are not indicative of a complication during the early postpartum period. Moderate lochia rubra is a normal finding as it indicates the normal discharge of blood and tissue from the uterus after childbirth. Bradycardia, a slow heart rate, is not typically a concern in the absence of other symptoms or signs of distress. Uterine contractions are essential for involution and are expected in the postpartum period.
4. Which of the following are clinical types of diarrhoea EXCEPT?
- A. Acute watery
- B. Bloody diarrhoea
- C. Persistent diarrhoea
- D. Secretory diarrhoea
Correct answer: D
Rationale: Secretory diarrhoea is not a clinical type but a distinct mechanism of diarrhoea characterized by increased electrolyte secretion. Acute watery, bloody, and persistent diarrhoea are recognized clinical types associated with different underlying causes and pathophysiologies. Acute watery diarrhoea is common in infectious gastroenteritis, bloody diarrhoea can be caused by inflammatory conditions or infections, and persistent diarrhoea typically lasts for more than 14 days due to various reasons like infections, malabsorption, or inflammatory bowel diseases.
5. Which of the following is not an infectious cause of diarrhea?
- A. Allergy
- B. Bacteria
- C. Parasite
- D. Virus
Correct answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Allergy. Allergy is not an infectious cause of diarrhea. Diarrhea caused by bacteria, parasites, and viruses is due to infection, while an allergy triggers an immune response that can lead to diarrhea but is not caused by an infectious agent. Choices B, C, and D are incorrect because bacteria, parasites, and viruses are known infectious causes of diarrhea, resulting from infections by these microorganisms.
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