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PN ATI Capstone Pharmacology 1 Quiz
1. A nurse is reviewing psychosocial stages of development for a school-age child. What would be an expected behavioral finding for this child?
- A. Personalize values and beliefs and base reasoning on ethical fairness principles.
- B. Develop a sense of personal identity that is influenced by family expectations.
- C. Develop a sense of industry through advances in learning.
- D. Take on new experiences and when unable to accomplish tasks, may feel guilty.
Correct answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C. School-age children (6-12 years) are in Erikson's stage of industry vs. inferiority. During this stage, they strive to develop a sense of industry through learning and socialization. They seek to excel in various areas, such as schoolwork or activities, and look for approval from peers and adults. Choices A, B, and D are incorrect because personalizing values and beliefs, developing personal identity influenced by family expectations, and feeling guilty for inability to accomplish tasks are not typical behavioral findings for a school-age child in the context of psychosocial development.
2. A nurse is assessing a client for signs of hypokalemia. Which of the following findings should the nurse look for?
- A. Muscle weakness
- B. Weight gain
- C. Elevated blood pressure
- D. Increased thirst
Correct answer: A
Rationale: Muscle weakness is a classic sign of hypokalemia. Potassium plays a crucial role in muscle function, and low potassium levels can lead to muscle weakness. Weight gain, elevated blood pressure, and increased thirst are not typically associated with hypokalemia. Weight gain can be seen in conditions like fluid retention, elevated blood pressure can result from various causes, and increased thirst may be a symptom of conditions like diabetes.
3. A healthcare professional is preparing to administer a dose of nitroglycerin. Which of the following should be assessed first?
- A. Blood pressure
- B. Heart rate
- C. Pain level
- D. Respiratory rate
Correct answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is to assess blood pressure first before administering nitroglycerin. Nitroglycerin is a vasodilator that can cause a sudden drop in blood pressure, leading to adverse effects such as dizziness or fainting. Assessing blood pressure before administration helps determine if the patient's blood pressure is within the acceptable range for nitroglycerin administration. Heart rate, pain level, and respiratory rate are also important assessments, but blood pressure should take precedence due to the vasodilating effects of nitroglycerin.
4. A nurse is teaching a client about the use of sildenafil. Which of the following should be included?
- A. It should not be taken with nitrates
- B. Monitor for headaches
- C. It is a prescription medication
- D. It may have side effects
Correct answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is to monitor for headaches when taking sildenafil. This medication can cause headaches and other side effects, so it is crucial to inform clients about these potential adverse reactions. Choice A is incorrect because sildenafil should not be taken with nitrates due to the risk of severe hypotension. Choice C is incorrect as sildenafil is a prescription medication, not an over-the-counter one. Choice D is incorrect because sildenafil, like any medication, can have side effects that should be discussed with the client.
5. A nurse is assessing a client for signs of anemia. Which of the following findings should the nurse look for?
- A. Increased energy
- B. Pale skin
- C. Elevated blood pressure
- D. Weight gain
Correct answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: 'Pale skin.' Pale skin is a common sign of anemia due to reduced hemoglobin levels, which affects the skin color. Anemia is characterized by a decrease in the number of red blood cells or hemoglobin in the blood, leading to a paler complexion. Choices A, C, and D are incorrect. 'Increased energy' is not typically associated with anemia, as fatigue is a common symptom. 'Elevated blood pressure' is not a typical finding in anemia; instead, anemia may cause hypotension. 'Weight gain' is not a direct symptom of anemia; in fact, weight loss may occur in some cases due to reduced appetite or other factors associated with anemia.
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