LPN LPN
LPN Pharmacology Questions
1. A client who has been taking prednisone is being assessed by a nurse. Which of the following findings should the nurse report to the provider?
- A. Weight gain
- B. Hyperglycemia
- C. Dry mouth
- D. Increased appetite
Correct answer: B
Rationale: Hyperglycemia is a significant finding in a client taking prednisone as it indicates the medication's impact on glucose metabolism. Prednisone can lead to increased blood sugar levels, which can be detrimental, especially in clients with diabetes or predisposition to hyperglycemia. Reporting hyperglycemia promptly to the healthcare provider is crucial for further evaluation and management to prevent complications. Choices A, C, and D are common side effects of prednisone but are not as concerning as hyperglycemia, which requires immediate attention to avoid potential adverse effects.
2. A healthcare professional is assessing a client who has a new prescription for levothyroxine. Which of the following findings should the healthcare professional report to the provider?
- A. Weight gain
- B. Increased heart rate
- C. Heat intolerance
- D. Elevated blood pressure
Correct answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Heat intolerance. Heat intolerance is a concerning sign of levothyroxine toxicity and should be reported to the provider promptly. Levothyroxine is a medication used to treat hypothyroidism by supplementing the body's thyroid hormones. When a client experiences heat intolerance, it can indicate that the dose of levothyroxine is too high, leading to hyperthyroidism symptoms. Weight gain, increased heart rate, and elevated blood pressure are not typically associated with levothyroxine toxicity; instead, they are more commonly seen in conditions like hypothyroidism.
3. A client has a new prescription for verapamil. Which of the following instructions should the nurse include?
- A. Monitor your heart rate daily.
- B. Take the medication at bedtime.
- C. Avoid consuming grapefruit juice.
- D. Take the medication with food.
Correct answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is to instruct the client to monitor their heart rate daily when taking verapamil. Verapamil is a calcium channel blocker that can cause bradycardia, making it crucial to monitor the heart rate regularly to detect any changes promptly. Choice B, taking the medication at bedtime, is not specifically related to verapamil administration. Choice C, avoiding grapefruit juice, is more relevant to medications metabolized by CYP3A4 enzymes, not verapamil. Choice D, taking the medication with food, is not a specific instruction for verapamil, as it can be taken with or without food.
4. When teaching a client who has a new prescription for metformin, which of the following instructions should the nurse include?
- A. Take the medication with food.
- B. Monitor for signs of hyperglycemia.
- C. Increase your fluid intake.
- D. Expect a metallic taste in your mouth.
Correct answer: C
Rationale: The correct instruction for a client starting metformin is to increase fluid intake. This is crucial to prevent gastrointestinal discomfort, a common side effect of metformin. Adequate hydration helps reduce the risk of gastrointestinal upset and ensures the medication is well-tolerated. Option A is generally true for metformin but is not as essential as maintaining proper hydration. Option B is important but not directly related to starting metformin. Option D is incorrect as a metallic taste in the mouth is not typically associated with metformin.
5. A client has a new prescription for metoprolol. Which of the following instructions should the nurse include?
- A. Monitor your blood pressure daily.
- B. Take the medication with food.
- C. Increase your intake of potassium-rich foods.
- D. Avoid consuming grapefruit juice.
Correct answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A, 'Monitor your blood pressure daily.' When a client is prescribed metoprolol, it is important to monitor blood pressure daily because the medication can cause hypotension, leading to low blood pressure. Regular monitoring allows for the early detection of any potential issues and adjustment of treatment if necessary. Choices B, C, and D are incorrect. Taking metoprolol with food is not necessary, increasing potassium-rich foods is not directly related to metoprolol therapy, and avoiding grapefruit juice is more relevant for certain other medications that interact with grapefruit.
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