LPN LPN
ATI PN Comprehensive Predictor 2023
1. A healthcare professional is preparing to discharge a client who is immunocompromised. Which of the following vaccines should the professional plan to administer?
- A. Varicella
- B. Influenza
- C. Hepatitis B
- D. Pneumococcal polysaccharide
Correct answer: D
Rationale: Immunocompromised clients have weakened immune systems, making them more susceptible to infections. The pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine is recommended for these individuals to help prevent pneumococcal infections, which can be severe and life-threatening. Varicella, Influenza, and Hepatitis B vaccines are not specifically indicated for immunocompromised clients. Varicella contains a live virus that can cause infections in immunocompromised individuals. Influenza is generally recommended for all individuals over 6 months of age but does not have the same priority as the pneumococcal vaccine for immunocompromised clients. Hepatitis B vaccine is crucial for preventing Hepatitis B infection but is not directly related to the increased infection risk faced by immunocompromised clients.
2. What are the common complications of diabetes, and how should they be managed?
- A. Retinopathy and nephropathy; manage with regular screening
- B. Neuropathy and cardiovascular disease; manage with medication
- C. Foot ulcers and hypertension; manage with proper foot care
- D. Hypertension and liver disease; manage with insulin therapy
Correct answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A. Common complications of diabetes include retinopathy (damage to the retina) and nephropathy (kidney damage). These complications can be managed effectively with regular screening to detect any signs early on. Choice B is incorrect as neuropathy and cardiovascular disease are other complications of diabetes but are managed through various treatments and lifestyle modifications, not just medication. Choice C is incorrect as although foot ulcers and hypertension are associated with diabetes, the management involves proper foot care practices and blood pressure control, respectively. Choice D is incorrect as hypertension and liver disease are not the typical complications of diabetes, and insulin therapy is not the primary management for these conditions.
3. What is the best approach to assist a client in performing self-care after an acute myocardial infarction, when the client expresses concern about fatigue?
- A. Provide clear instructions on how to ask for assistance
- B. Gradually resume self-care tasks, focusing on rest periods
- C. Encourage assistive personnel to complete self-care tasks
- D. Encourage the client to remain in bed until fully rested
Correct answer: B
Rationale: The best approach to assist a client in performing self-care after an acute myocardial infarction, especially when the client expresses concern about fatigue, is to gradually resume self-care tasks while focusing on rest periods. This approach allows the client to build confidence in managing their self-care activities while also addressing the issue of fatigue. Choice A is incorrect as it focuses on asking for assistance rather than promoting self-care. Choice C is inappropriate as it suggests delegating the client's self-care tasks to assistive personnel instead of empowering the client. Choice D is incorrect as it can lead to deconditioning and is not conducive to the client's recovery process.
4. How should a healthcare provider assess and manage a patient with hyperthyroidism?
- A. Administer beta-blockers and monitor for signs of thyroid storm
- B. Encourage a high-protein, low-iodine diet
- C. Monitor for signs of bradycardia
- D. Provide iodine supplements and check for arrhythmias
Correct answer: A
Rationale: Administering beta-blockers is the initial management for hyperthyroidism to control symptoms such as tachycardia and tremors. Monitoring for signs of thyroid storm is crucial as it is a life-threatening complication of hyperthyroidism. Encouraging a high-protein, low-iodine diet (choice B) is not the primary intervention for managing hyperthyroidism. Monitoring for signs of bradycardia (choice C) is not typically seen in hyperthyroidism, as it often presents with tachycardia. Providing iodine supplements and checking for arrhythmias (choice D) are contraindicated in hyperthyroidism as they can worsen the condition.
5. Which of the following is a key consideration when caring for a client with heart failure on fluid restriction?
- A. Encourage the client to drink more fluids to stay hydrated
- B. Weigh the client daily to monitor fluid status
- C. Limit the client's intake of fruits and vegetables
- D. Monitor the client's fluid intake only during meals
Correct answer: B
Rationale: When caring for a client with heart failure on fluid restriction, weighing the client daily is crucial to monitor fluid balance accurately. This helps healthcare providers assess if the client is retaining excess fluids, which can worsen heart failure. Encouraging the client to drink more fluids (choice A) contradicts the goal of fluid restriction. Limiting intake of fruits and vegetables (choice C) is not a specific guideline for managing fluid restriction in heart failure. Monitoring fluid intake only during meals (choice D) is insufficient as fluid balance needs to be monitored consistently throughout the day.
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