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ATI PN Comprehensive Predictor 2023
1. What are the complications of untreated hyperglycemia?
- A. Diabetic ketoacidosis and dehydration
- B. Hypoglycemia and hypertension
- C. Infection and liver failure
- D. Pulmonary edema and electrolyte imbalance
Correct answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Diabetic ketoacidosis and dehydration. Untreated hyperglycemia can lead to diabetic ketoacidosis, a serious complication characterized by high blood sugar, the presence of ketones in the urine, and acidosis. Dehydration is also a common complication of untreated hyperglycemia. Choices B, C, and D are incorrect because hypoglycemia and hypertension are not typical complications of untreated hyperglycemia. Infection and liver failure, as well as pulmonary edema and electrolyte imbalance, are also not direct complications of untreated hyperglycemia.
2. Which of the following findings indicates a need for immediate attention in a client diagnosed with delirium?
- A. Confusion and disorientation that resolve with rest
- B. A blood pressure reading of 110/70
- C. Irritability and agitation that worsen throughout the day
- D. Mild confusion during the evening hours
Correct answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Irritability and agitation that worsen throughout the day. These symptoms are concerning in a client diagnosed with delirium as they may indicate an exacerbation of the condition or an underlying cause that requires immediate attention. Option A describes symptoms that resolve with rest, which may not be as urgent. Option B provides a normal blood pressure reading, which is not typically associated with immediate attention in delirium cases. Option D describes mild confusion during specific hours, which may not be as critical as worsening symptoms throughout the day.
3. A nurse is reviewing the record of a client with dementia. Which of the following findings should the nurse prioritize?
- A. Wandering at night
- B. A serum albumin level of 3.5 g/dL
- C. Urinary incontinence
- D. Restlessness and agitation
Correct answer: D
Rationale: Restlessness and agitation in clients with dementia could indicate a worsening condition and should be prioritized. While wandering at night and urinary incontinence are common issues in dementia patients, restlessness and agitation can signal acute distress or an unmet need, requiring immediate attention. Monitoring serum albumin levels is important for overall health but would not be the priority when assessing a client with dementia.
4. A client who experienced an acute myocardial infarction expresses concern about fatigue. What is the best strategy to promote self-care?
- A. Ask family members to assist with all self-care tasks
- B. Encourage the client to gradually resume self-care tasks with frequent rest periods
- C. Instruct the client to remain in bed until fully rested
- D. Assign assistive personnel to complete self-care tasks for the client
Correct answer: B
Rationale: Encouraging the client to gradually resume self-care tasks with frequent rest periods is the best strategy to promote self-care for a client who experienced an acute myocardial infarction and is experiencing fatigue. This approach helps the client regain independence while managing fatigue. Asking family members to assist with all self-care tasks (Choice A) may hinder the client's independence. Instructing the client to remain in bed until fully rested (Choice C) may lead to deconditioning and dependency. Assigning assistive personnel to complete self-care tasks for the client (Choice D) does not empower the client to regain independence or actively participate in self-care.
5. What is the most appropriate action for a healthcare provider to take when a patient is experiencing a seizure?
- A. Protect the patient's head
- B. Restrain the patient's movements
- C. Insert an airway
- D. Give the patient water
Correct answer: A
Rationale: During a seizure, the most appropriate action for a healthcare provider is to protect the patient's head. This helps prevent injury, especially considering the involuntary movements and potential thrashing associated with seizures. Restraint should be avoided as it can lead to further injury or distress for the patient. Inserting an airway is not recommended during an active seizure as the patient's airway may not be obstructed, and it could pose a risk of injury. Giving the patient water during a seizure is also not advisable as there is a risk of aspiration. Therefore, the priority is to ensure the patient's safety by protecting their head.
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