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ATI Pediatrics Proctored Test
1. Which of the following statements regarding febrile seizures in children is correct?
- A. They can occur even after a child has had a fever for longer than 24 hours.
- B. They can be caused by viral or bacterial meningitis.
- C. They do not typically occur on the first day of a fever.
- D. They typically last less than 15 minutes and often do not have a postictal phase.
Correct answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D. Febrile seizures in children typically last less than 15 minutes and often do not have a postictal phase, meaning there is usually no prolonged recovery period or confusion after the seizure. They are commonly associated with the rapid rise in body temperature at the onset of a fever, rather than the duration of the fever itself. Choices A, B, and C are incorrect because febrile seizures can occur even after a child has had a fever for longer than 24 hours, they can be caused by viral or bacterial meningitis, and they do not have a typical pattern of occurring on the first day of a fever.
2. You are dispatched to a residence for a 5-year-old child who is not breathing. Upon arrival, you find the child supine on the floor, cyanotic, and unresponsive. You should first:
- A. begin chest compressions.
- B. open the airway and give two rescue breaths.
- C. apply an AED and analyze the rhythm.
- D. ask the parent for the child's medical history.
Correct answer: B
Rationale: When encountering an unresponsive and not breathing child, the initial step is to open the airway and provide two rescue breaths. This action helps to deliver oxygen to the child's lungs and body, which is crucial in attempting to restore breathing and circulation. Chest compressions are not initiated first in pediatric cases unless the child has no signs of circulation after delivering rescue breaths. Applying an AED and analyzing the rhythm is not the initial step in a pediatric cardiac arrest scenario, as the primary focus should be on providing oxygenation. Asking the parent for the child's medical history is not the immediate priority when the child is unresponsive and not breathing, as interventions to support breathing and circulation should be the primary concern.
3. A 3-year-old boy is found to be in cardiopulmonary arrest. As you begin one-rescuer CPR, your partner prepares the AED. What is the appropriate compression to ventilation ratio for this child?
- A. 3:01
- B. 30:2
- C. 15:2
- D. 5:1
Correct answer: B
Rationale: The correct compression to ventilation ratio for a single rescuer performing CPR on a child is 30:2. This ratio ensures adequate circulation and oxygenation during CPR. 30 compressions help maintain blood flow, while 2 rescue breaths provide oxygenation. Choice A (3:01) is incorrect as it does not follow the standard CPR guidelines for children. Choice C (15:2) is incorrect as it is the ratio used for adult CPR. Choice D (5:1) is incorrect as it is not the recommended ratio for child CPR.
4. Following an apparent febrile seizure, a 4-year-old boy is alert and crying. His skin is hot and moist. Appropriate treatment for this child includes:
- A. allowing the parents to transport the child.
- B. offering oxygen and providing transport.
- C. rapidly cooling the child in cold water.
- D. keeping the child warm and providing transport.
Correct answer: B
Rationale: After a febrile seizure, it is important to offer oxygen and provide transport to a medical facility for further evaluation and management of the underlying cause. Oxygen may be needed in case of hypoxemia resulting from the seizure. Rapidly cooling the child in cold water is not recommended as it may lead to complications such as hypothermia. Keeping the child warm is also not advisable as the priority is to prevent hyperthermia and provide necessary medical intervention by healthcare providers.
5. You and your partner are performing CPR on a 2-year-old female in cardiac arrest. During your resuscitation attempt, you should:
- A. hyperventilate her due to severe hypoxia.
- B. attach the AED pads after 5 minutes of high-quality CPR.
- C. perform compressions and ventilations at a ratio of 30:2.
- D. allow the chest to fully recoil between compressions.
Correct answer: D
Rationale: Allowing the chest to fully recoil between compressions is crucial during CPR to ensure proper blood flow. This action allows the heart to refill with blood, enhancing the effectiveness of compressions and circulation. Hyperventilating the patient can lead to decreased cardiac output and is not recommended. Attaching AED pads should be done as soon as possible in a pediatric cardiac arrest situation, ideally within 2 minutes. The correct compression-to-ventilation ratio for pediatric CPR is 30:2, focusing on high-quality compressions to provide adequate perfusion to vital organs.
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