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1. Which of the following is a key strategy in the prevention of mother-to-child transmission of HIV?
- A. Exclusive breastfeeding
- B. Routine immunization
- C. Antiretroviral therapy
- D. Nutritional supplementation
Correct answer: C
Rationale: Antiretroviral therapy is a crucial strategy in preventing mother-to-child transmission of HIV. By providing antiretroviral medications to the mother during pregnancy, labor, and breastfeeding, the risk of transmitting the virus to the child is significantly reduced. This treatment approach has been shown to be highly effective in reducing the likelihood of HIV transmission from mother to child.
2. What is the primary benefit of administering Vitamin A to children?
- A. To improve bone health
- B. To boost the immune system
- C. To enhance cognitive development
- D. To prevent anemia
Correct answer: B
Rationale: The primary benefit of administering Vitamin A to children is to boost the immune system. Vitamin A supplementation is crucial for maintaining a strong immune system and preventing complications such as blindness in children.
3. Which of the following is a benefit of antenatal care?
- A. Early detection of pregnancy complications
- B. Increased risk of preterm labor
- C. Decreased maternal weight gain
- D. Delayed fetal growth
Correct answer: A
Rationale: Antenatal care plays a crucial role in the early detection and management of pregnancy complications, allowing healthcare providers to intervene promptly and improve outcomes for both the mother and the baby. Monitoring for potential issues during antenatal care visits can help identify problems such as gestational hypertension, gestational diabetes, or fetal growth restrictions early on, enabling timely interventions to prevent complications.
4. What is the goal of the Safe Motherhood Initiative?
- A. To reduce child mortality
- B. To improve maternal health
- C. To provide free medical services
- D. To promote exclusive breastfeeding
Correct answer: B
Rationale: The goal of the Safe Motherhood Initiative is to enhance maternal health by reducing maternal mortality and morbidity. This initiative focuses on improving the health outcomes of pregnant women and new mothers, ensuring safer pregnancies and childbirth experiences.
5. Which of the following diseases is targeted for eradication through the Expanded Program on Immunization (EPI)?
- A. Hepatitis B
- B. Diphtheria
- C. Poliomyelitis
- D. Tuberculosis
Correct answer: C
Rationale: Poliomyelitis is the correct answer as it is one of the diseases targeted for eradication through the Expanded Program on Immunization (EPI). The EPI aims to control and eliminate vaccine-preventable diseases globally, with a specific focus on polio due to its severe consequences and the feasibility of eradication through vaccination campaigns.
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