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1. At what age is the first dose of the MMR vaccine typically administered to a child?
- A. At birth
- B. 6 months
- C. 12 months
- D. 18 months
Correct answer: C
Rationale: The first dose of the MMR vaccine is typically administered to a child at 12 months of age to provide protection against measles, mumps, and rubella. Administering the vaccine at this age ensures that the child's immune system is developed enough to generate a protective response to the vaccine.
2. What is the purpose of administering Vitamin K to newborns?
- A. To prevent jaundice
- B. To boost the immune system
- C. To prevent bleeding disorders
- D. To enhance bone development
Correct answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: To prevent bleeding disorders. Newborns are born with low levels of Vitamin K, which is essential for blood clotting. Administering Vitamin K helps prevent bleeding disorders in newborns.
3. Which of the following interventions is an example of tertiary prevention?
- A. Vaccination campaigns
- B. Health education seminars
- C. Physical rehabilitation programs
- D. Early disease screening
Correct answer: C
Rationale: Tertiary prevention focuses on managing and improving the quality of life for individuals who already have a disease or condition. Physical rehabilitation programs fall under tertiary prevention as they aim to enhance functioning and reduce disability caused by ongoing illness or injury, thus aligning with the goal of tertiary prevention.
4. Which of the following is a common sign of dehydration in infants?
- A. Frequent urination
- B. Sunken fontanelle
- C. Excessive drooling
- D. Increased appetite
Correct answer: B
Rationale: A sunken fontanelle is a common sign of dehydration in infants. The fontanelle is the soft spot on an infant's head where the skull bones have not yet fused. When an infant is dehydrated, the fontanelle can appear sunken or indented. It is important for caregivers and healthcare providers to recognize this sign promptly to ensure timely intervention and hydration for the infant.
5. Which vaccine is typically administered to newborns within the first 24 hours of birth?
- A. Hepatitis B
- B. BCG
- C. OPV
- D. Measles
Correct answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A, Hepatitis B. The Hepatitis B vaccine is usually administered to newborns within the first 24 hours of birth to provide protection against Hepatitis B infection. This early vaccination helps prevent transmission of the virus from infected mothers to their babies during childbirth, reducing the risk of chronic liver disease and liver cancer later in life.
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