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1. Which nutrient is most critical for preventing neural tube defects during pregnancy?
- A. Iron
- B. Calcium
- C. Folic acid
- D. Vitamin D
Correct answer: C
Rationale: Folic acid is the most critical nutrient for preventing neural tube defects during pregnancy. Neural tube defects are serious birth defects of the brain and spinal cord. Adequate intake of folic acid before and during early pregnancy can significantly reduce the risk of these defects. Iron, calcium, and vitamin D are important nutrients during pregnancy for other reasons, such as supporting the increased demands on the body for blood production, bone health, and calcium absorption, respectively.
2. Which nutrient is known to reduce the risk of neural tube defects when taken by pregnant women?
- A. Vitamin C
- B. Vitamin D
- C. Folic acid
- D. Iron
Correct answer: C
Rationale: Folic acid, a B vitamin, is essential for the development of the neural tube in the early stages of pregnancy. Adequate intake of folic acid before conception and during early pregnancy significantly reduces the risk of neural tube defects in the baby. It is recommended that women of childbearing age consume folic acid daily to support a healthy pregnancy.
3. What is the primary method of transmission for tuberculosis?
- A. Vector-borne
- B. Airborne
- C. Waterborne
- D. Fecal-oral
Correct answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is 'Airborne.' Tuberculosis is mainly transmitted through the air via respiratory droplets when an infected person coughs or sneezes. This allows the bacteria to be inhaled by others and infect their lungs. It is important to implement infection control measures to prevent the spread of tuberculosis in healthcare settings and the community.
4. What is the goal of the Safe Motherhood Initiative?
- A. To reduce child mortality
- B. To improve maternal health
- C. To provide free medical services
- D. To promote exclusive breastfeeding
Correct answer: B
Rationale: The goal of the Safe Motherhood Initiative is to enhance maternal health by reducing maternal mortality and morbidity. This initiative focuses on improving the health outcomes of pregnant women and new mothers, ensuring safer pregnancies and childbirth experiences.
5. What is the primary goal of the Integrated Management of Childhood Illness (IMCI) strategy?
- A. To reduce the incidence of childhood diseases
- B. To improve the nutritional status of children
- C. To reduce child mortality and morbidity
- D. To promote exclusive breastfeeding
Correct answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: To reduce child mortality and morbidity. The Integrated Management of Childhood Illness (IMCI) strategy aims to reduce child mortality and morbidity by providing a holistic approach to managing major childhood illnesses and improving overall child health outcomes. This strategy focuses on early recognition and prompt treatment of childhood illnesses, thereby reducing the impact of diseases and lowering mortality rates among children.
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