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ATI PN Comprehensive Predictor 2020 Answers
1. A client with hypertension is receiving lifestyle education from a nurse. What should be emphasized?
- A. Encourage a low-sodium diet
- B. Advise the client to avoid caffeinated drinks
- C. Recommend increasing high-protein foods
- D. Advise the client to reduce fat intake
Correct answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is to advise the client to avoid caffeinated drinks. Caffeine can temporarily increase blood pressure, so avoiding caffeinated drinks can help manage hypertension. Encouraging a low-sodium diet (Choice A) is essential for hypertension management as excess sodium can raise blood pressure. Increasing high-protein foods (Choice C) is not a primary focus in managing hypertension. While reducing fat intake (Choice D) can be beneficial for overall health, it is not the priority in lifestyle modifications for hypertension.
2. A nurse is planning an educational program for high school students about cigarette smoking. Which of the following potential consequences of smoking is most likely to discourage adolescents from using tobacco?
- A. Use of tobacco might lead to alcohol and drug abuse.
- B. Smoking in adolescence increases the risk of developing lung cancer later in life.
- C. Use of tobacco decreases the level of athletic ability.
- D. Smoking in adolescence increases the risk of lifelong addiction.
Correct answer: C
Rationale: The most likely consequence to discourage adolescents from smoking is the immediate effect of decreased athletic ability. This consequence is more tangible and relevant to high school students compared to long-term health risks like lung cancer or addiction. While choices A, B, and D are all negative outcomes of smoking, choice C is more likely to have a direct impact on adolescents due to its immediate and visible effects on their physical performance.
3. What is the best strategy for managing fatigue in a client who has had an acute myocardial infarction and is concerned about self-care?
- A. Instruct the client to rest completely and avoid all self-care tasks
- B. Encourage the client to gradually resume self-care tasks with frequent rest periods
- C. Assign assistive personnel to complete all self-care tasks
- D. Ask the client's family to assist with self-care tasks
Correct answer: B
Rationale: The best strategy for managing fatigue in a client who has had an acute myocardial infarction and is concerned about self-care is to encourage the client to gradually resume self-care tasks with frequent rest periods. This approach helps the client regain independence while managing fatigue effectively. Choice A is incorrect because complete rest without any self-care tasks may hinder recovery and independence. Choice C is not the best option as it does not promote the client's independence. Choice D, while involving family support, does not empower the client to regain self-care abilities.
4. A client who is newly diagnosed with iron deficiency anemia needs to include foods rich in iron in their diet. Which of the following foods should the nurse recommend as having the highest amount of iron?
- A. Boiled spinach
- B. Raw carrots
- C. Boiled chicken
- D. Yogurt
Correct answer: A
Rationale: Boiled spinach is an excellent source of iron, making it a top choice for individuals with iron deficiency anemia. Spinach contains non-heme iron, which may not be absorbed as efficiently as heme iron from animal sources but is still beneficial. Raw carrots, boiled chicken, and yogurt are not as rich in iron compared to spinach. Carrots are more known for their beta-carotene content, chicken is a good source of protein but not high in iron, and yogurt does not contain significant amounts of iron.
5. What is the correct way to assess for pitting edema?
- A. Press over the bony area for 5 seconds and release
- B. Press over the skin for 10 seconds and check for discoloration
- C. Press the area and check for the presence of rash
- D. Press the skin and assess for rebound tenderness
Correct answer: A
Rationale: The correct way to assess for pitting edema is to press over a bony area, typically the tibia, for 5 seconds and then release. This allows for the identification of pitting edema, characterized by an indentation that persists for a few seconds. Choice B is incorrect as pitting edema assessment does not involve checking for discoloration. Choice C is incorrect as the presence of a rash is not indicative of pitting edema. Choice D is incorrect as rebound tenderness is a different assessment used for abdominal conditions, not for pitting edema.
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