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ATI PN Comprehensive Predictor 2020 Answers
1. A healthcare professional is collecting data from a client who has iron deficiency anemia. Which of the following findings should the healthcare professional expect?
- A. Increased energy
- B. Easy bruising
- C. Pale conjunctiva
- D. Weight gain
Correct answer: C
Rationale: Pale conjunctiva is a common sign of iron deficiency anemia due to reduced hemoglobin levels. This results in decreased oxygen-carrying capacity, leading to tissue hypoxia and pallor. 'Increased energy' (choice A) is not typically associated with iron deficiency anemia, as fatigue and weakness are common symptoms. 'Easy bruising' (choice B) is more characteristic of platelet disorders or vitamin deficiencies rather than iron deficiency anemia. 'Weight gain' (choice D) is not a typical finding in iron deficiency anemia; in fact, weight loss is more common due to decreased appetite and overall weakness.
2. How should a healthcare professional assess a patient for potential deep vein thrombosis (DVT)?
- A. Assess for unilateral leg swelling
- B. Encourage early mobilization
- C. Check for calf tenderness
- D. Observe for redness and warmth
Correct answer: A
Rationale: To assess a patient for potential deep vein thrombosis (DVT), healthcare professionals should look for unilateral leg swelling. This is a classic sign of DVT. While encouraging early mobilization is generally beneficial for preventing DVT, it is not a method of assessment. Checking for calf tenderness is also relevant but not as specific as unilateral leg swelling. Observing for redness and warmth can be signs of inflammation but are not as specific to DVT as unilateral leg swelling.
3. A nurse is caring for a client who has dementia. Which of the following interventions should the nurse take to minimize the risk of injury for this client?
- A. Use a bed exit alarm system
- B. Raise all four side rails while the client is in bed
- C. Apply one soft wrist restraint
- D. Dim the lights in the client's room
Correct answer: A
Rationale: Using a bed exit alarm system is crucial in minimizing the risk of injury for a client with dementia. This intervention helps alert staff when the client is attempting to leave the bed, reducing the chances of falls. Raising all four side rails while the client is in bed (Choice B) can lead to restraint-related issues and is not recommended unless necessary for safety reasons. Applying a soft wrist restraint (Choice C) is generally not the first choice in managing clients with dementia due to the risk of complications and loss of mobility. Dimming the lights in the client's room (Choice D) may not directly address the risk of injury associated with dementia and may even increase the risk of falls due to poor visibility.
4. What are the key components of a focused respiratory assessment?
- A. Inspection, Palpation, Percussion, Auscultation
- B. Observation, Percussion, Auscultation, Palpation
- C. Auscultation, Palpation, Observation, Percussion
- D. Palpation, Inspection, Auscultation, Percussion
Correct answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Inspection, Palpation, Percussion, Auscultation. A focused respiratory assessment involves inspecting the chest for any abnormalities, palpating to assess tenderness and chest expansion, percussion to evaluate underlying structures, and auscultation to listen to lung sounds. Choice B is incorrect because observation is generally part of inspection, not a separate component. Choice C is incorrect as auscultation should come before percussion in a respiratory assessment. Choice D is incorrect because inspection should precede palpation in a structured assessment.
5. How should a healthcare professional assess a patient with suspected deep vein thrombosis (DVT)?
- A. Monitor for leg pain, swelling, and redness
- B. Check for calf tenderness and administer anticoagulants
- C. Check for discoloration and monitor oxygen saturation
- D. Check for numbness and provide thrombolytic therapy
Correct answer: A
Rationale: Correct Answer: The correct way to assess a patient with suspected deep vein thrombosis (DVT) is to monitor for leg pain, swelling, and redness. These are common clinical manifestations of DVT. Choice B is incorrect because administering anticoagulants should be based on a confirmed diagnosis, not just suspicion. Choice C is incorrect because discoloration and oxygen saturation are not primary indicators of DVT. Choice D is incorrect because numbness is not a typical symptom of DVT, and thrombolytic therapy is not the first-line treatment for suspected DVT.
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