LPN LPN
ATI PN Comprehensive Predictor 2020 Answers
1. A client who is newly diagnosed with iron deficiency anemia needs to include foods rich in iron in their diet. Which of the following foods should the nurse recommend as having the highest amount of iron?
- A. Boiled spinach
- B. Raw carrots
- C. Boiled chicken
- D. Yogurt
Correct answer: A
Rationale: Boiled spinach is an excellent source of iron, making it a top choice for individuals with iron deficiency anemia. Spinach contains non-heme iron, which may not be absorbed as efficiently as heme iron from animal sources but is still beneficial. Raw carrots, boiled chicken, and yogurt are not as rich in iron compared to spinach. Carrots are more known for their beta-carotene content, chicken is a good source of protein but not high in iron, and yogurt does not contain significant amounts of iron.
2. What is the primary intervention for a patient with a pneumothorax?
- A. Insert a chest tube
- B. Administer oxygen
- C. Monitor respiratory rate
- D. Administer analgesics
Correct answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is to insert a chest tube. This intervention is considered the definitive treatment for a pneumothorax as it helps remove air or fluid from the pleural space, re-expanding the lung. Administering oxygen (Choice B) can be supportive but is not the primary intervention to treat a pneumothorax. Monitoring respiratory rate (Choice C) is important but does not address the underlying issue of air in the pleural space. Administering analgesics (Choice D) may help manage pain but does not treat the pneumothorax itself.
3. What are the potential complications of a patient receiving total parenteral nutrition (TPN)?
- A. Infection and electrolyte imbalance
- B. Hyperglycemia and sepsis
- C. Kidney failure and hypovolemia
- D. Fluid overload and liver damage
Correct answer: A
Rationale: Infection and electrolyte imbalance are common complications of TPN. Infection can occur due to the invasive nature of TPN, which provides a direct route for pathogens. Electrolyte imbalances can arise from the composition of the TPN solution or improper monitoring. Hyperglycemia and sepsis (Choice B) are potential complications but are not as directly associated with TPN as infection and electrolyte imbalance. Kidney failure and hypovolemia (Choice C) are less common complications of TPN. Fluid overload and liver damage (Choice D) are potential complications but are not as frequently observed as infection and electrolyte imbalance.
4. A nurse is caring for a client with dementia who frequently attempts to get out of bed unsupervised. What is the best intervention?
- A. Use restraints to prevent the client from getting out of bed
- B. Encourage family members to stay with the client at all times
- C. Use a bed exit alarm system
- D. Keep the client's room dark and quiet to reduce stimulation
Correct answer: C
Rationale: The best intervention for a client with dementia who frequently attempts to get out of bed unsupervised is to use a bed exit alarm system (Choice C). A bed exit alarm can alert staff when the client tries to leave the bed, helping to prevent falls. Using restraints (Choice A) is not recommended as it can lead to physical and psychological harm. While having family members present (Choice B) can be beneficial, it may not be feasible at all times. Keeping the client's room dark and quiet (Choice D) may not address the immediate safety concern of the client attempting to get out of bed.
5. A nurse is reinforcing teaching to a client with hypertension. What lifestyle change should be emphasized?
- A. Increase intake of sodium-rich foods
- B. Limit intake of high-fat foods
- C. Reduce intake of caffeinated beverages
- D. Eat high-protein foods to lower blood pressure
Correct answer: B
Rationale: The correct lifestyle change that should be emphasized for a client with hypertension is to limit the intake of high-fat foods. High-fat foods can contribute to high blood pressure, so reducing their consumption is important in managing hypertension. Choice A is incorrect because increasing intake of sodium-rich foods can worsen hypertension due to their effect on blood pressure. Choice C is incorrect as caffeinated beverages can also elevate blood pressure. Choice D is incorrect because while high-protein foods can be beneficial, they do not directly lower blood pressure like reducing high-fat foods would.
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