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ATI PN Comprehensive Predictor 2020 Answers
1. What are the early signs and symptoms of sepsis?
- A. Increased heart rate and fever
- B. Low blood pressure and confusion
- C. Rapid breathing and sweating
- D. Abdominal pain and cyanosis
Correct answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Increased heart rate and fever. In sepsis, an increased heart rate and fever are common early signs of systemic infection. While choices B, C, and D can be present in later stages of sepsis, they are not typically the initial signs. Low blood pressure and confusion may occur in severe sepsis or septic shock. Rapid breathing and sweating can be seen as sepsis progresses. Abdominal pain and cyanosis may develop as the condition advances but are not usually the earliest signs.
2. A healthcare professional is collecting data from a client who has iron deficiency anemia. Which of the following findings should the healthcare professional expect?
- A. Increased energy
- B. Easy bruising
- C. Pale conjunctiva
- D. Weight gain
Correct answer: C
Rationale: Pale conjunctiva is a common sign of iron deficiency anemia due to reduced hemoglobin levels. This results in decreased oxygen-carrying capacity, leading to tissue hypoxia and pallor. 'Increased energy' (choice A) is not typically associated with iron deficiency anemia, as fatigue and weakness are common symptoms. 'Easy bruising' (choice B) is more characteristic of platelet disorders or vitamin deficiencies rather than iron deficiency anemia. 'Weight gain' (choice D) is not a typical finding in iron deficiency anemia; in fact, weight loss is more common due to decreased appetite and overall weakness.
3. What are common signs of hypoglycemia?
- A. Shakiness or Tremors
- B. Sweating
- C. Hunger
- D. Confusion or Irritability
Correct answer: A
Rationale: The correct signs of hypoglycemia include shakiness or tremors, sweating, and hunger. These symptoms indicate low blood sugar levels. Confusion or irritability are more associated with severe hypoglycemia, while the immediate treatment for hypoglycemia involves providing a source of glucose to raise blood sugar levels quickly.
4. A nurse is caring for a client who is taking digoxin. Which of the following findings should the nurse identify as a sign of digoxin toxicity?
- A. Bradycardia
- B. Tachycardia
- C. Hypotension
- D. Hyperkalemia
Correct answer: A
Rationale: Bradycardia is a common sign of digoxin toxicity. Digoxin, a cardiac glycoside, can lead to toxicity manifesting as bradycardia due to its effect on the heart's electrical conduction system. Tachycardia (choice B) is not typically associated with digoxin toxicity. Hypotension (choice C) and hyperkalemia (choice D) are not direct signs of digoxin toxicity. Therefore, the correct answer is bradycardia.
5. A public health nurse working in a rural area is developing a program to improve health for the local population. Which of the following actions should the nurse plan to take?
- A. Provide anticipatory guidance classes to parents through public schools.
- B. Have a nurse from outside the community provide health lectures at the county hospital.
- C. Encourage rural residents to focus health spending on tertiary health interventions.
- D. Launch a media campaign to increase awareness about industrial pollution.
Correct answer: A
Rationale: Providing anticipatory guidance classes to parents through public schools is the most appropriate action for the public health nurse in a rural area. This approach allows the nurse to address early prevention strategies, which are crucial in promoting health in rural populations. Choice B is incorrect because having a nurse from outside the community may not fully understand the local needs and dynamics. Choice C is wrong as focusing health spending on tertiary interventions is not cost-effective or preventive. Choice D is also incorrect because while increasing awareness about industrial pollution is important, it may not directly address the health needs of the local rural population.
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