LPN LPN
ATI PN Comprehensive Predictor 2020 Answers
1. A nurse has administered medications to a group of clients. For which of the following client situations should the nurse complete an incident report?
- A. Administering acetaminophen to an NPO client
- B. Administering insulin lispro to an NPO client
- C. Administering medication to the incorrect client
- D. Administering anticoagulants without checking INR
Correct answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B because administering insulin lispro to an NPO client can lead to hypoglycemia due to the lack of food to balance the medication. This situation poses a serious risk to the client's safety and should be documented in an incident report. Choice A is not as critical as insulin administration for an NPO client. Choice C is also serious but does not pose an immediate risk to the client's health. Choice D, administering anticoagulants without checking the INR, is important but does not require an incident report unless adverse effects occur, as it may not immediately endanger the client's life.
2. A client is prescribed simvastatin. Which instruction should the nurse provide during teaching?
- A. Take this medication in the morning.
- B. Avoid drinking grapefruit juice.
- C. Increase your intake of leafy green vegetables.
- D. Monitor your pulse daily while taking this medication.
Correct answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: 'Avoid drinking grapefruit juice.' Grapefruit juice can increase the risk of toxicity when taken with simvastatin. Instructing the client to avoid grapefruit juice helps prevent this interaction. Choice A is incorrect because the timing of medication administration for simvastatin is usually in the evening. Choice C is unrelated to simvastatin therapy. Choice D is not necessary for monitoring while taking simvastatin.
3. A client with hypertension is receiving lifestyle education from a nurse. What should be emphasized?
- A. Encourage a low-sodium diet
- B. Advise the client to avoid caffeinated drinks
- C. Recommend increasing high-protein foods
- D. Advise the client to reduce fat intake
Correct answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is to advise the client to avoid caffeinated drinks. Caffeine can temporarily increase blood pressure, so avoiding caffeinated drinks can help manage hypertension. Encouraging a low-sodium diet (Choice A) is essential for hypertension management as excess sodium can raise blood pressure. Increasing high-protein foods (Choice C) is not a primary focus in managing hypertension. While reducing fat intake (Choice D) can be beneficial for overall health, it is not the priority in lifestyle modifications for hypertension.
4. What is the correct way to assess for pitting edema?
- A. Press over the bony area for 5 seconds and release
- B. Press over the skin for 10 seconds and check for discoloration
- C. Press the area and check for the presence of rash
- D. Press the skin and assess for rebound tenderness
Correct answer: A
Rationale: The correct way to assess for pitting edema is to press over a bony area, typically the tibia, for 5 seconds and then release. This allows for the identification of pitting edema, characterized by an indentation that persists for a few seconds. Choice B is incorrect as pitting edema assessment does not involve checking for discoloration. Choice C is incorrect as the presence of a rash is not indicative of pitting edema. Choice D is incorrect as rebound tenderness is a different assessment used for abdominal conditions, not for pitting edema.
5. A client is being taught by a nurse how to ascend stairs while using crutches. Which of the following actions should the nurse instruct the client to take first?
- A. Move both crutches up first
- B. Step up with the unaffected leg first
- C. Lean forward on the crutches before stepping up
- D. Hold onto the handrail for support
Correct answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is to instruct the client to step up with the unaffected leg first. This action is crucial as it ensures proper balance and safety when ascending stairs with crutches. By stepping up with the unaffected leg first, the client can maintain stability and reduce the risk of falls. Choices A, C, and D are incorrect. Moving both crutches up first (Choice A) may lead to imbalance and difficulty in weight distribution. Leaning forward on the crutches before stepping up (Choice C) can compromise the client's stability and increase the risk of falling. While holding onto the handrail for support (Choice D) is important, stepping up with the unaffected leg first takes precedence to establish a secure and safe movement up the stairs.
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