LPN LPN
ATI PN Comprehensive Predictor 2020 Answers
1. A nurse has administered medications to a group of clients. For which of the following client situations should the nurse complete an incident report?
- A. Administering acetaminophen to an NPO client
- B. Administering insulin lispro to an NPO client
- C. Administering medication to the incorrect client
- D. Administering anticoagulants without checking INR
Correct answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B because administering insulin lispro to an NPO client can lead to hypoglycemia due to the lack of food to balance the medication. This situation poses a serious risk to the client's safety and should be documented in an incident report. Choice A is not as critical as insulin administration for an NPO client. Choice C is also serious but does not pose an immediate risk to the client's health. Choice D, administering anticoagulants without checking the INR, is important but does not require an incident report unless adverse effects occur, as it may not immediately endanger the client's life.
2. What is the priority intervention when managing a client with delirium?
- A. Administer antipsychotic medication to calm the client
- B. Identify any reversible causes of delirium
- C. Provide a low-stimulation environment
- D. Administer sedative medication to control agitation
Correct answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is to identify any reversible causes of delirium. Delirium is often caused by underlying issues such as infections, medication side effects, or metabolic imbalances. Addressing these root causes can help resolve delirium more effectively. Administering antipsychotic or sedative medications should not be the initial approach as they can worsen delirium in some cases. Providing a low-stimulation environment is beneficial but not the priority when reversible causes need to be addressed first.
3. A client diagnosed with gout is receiving dietary instruction from a nurse. What dietary advice should be provided?
- A. Limit intake of fresh fruits and uncooked vegetables
- B. Limit intake of red meat and shellfish
- C. Limit intake of dairy products
- D. Increase intake of leafy greens
Correct answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is to limit the intake of red meat and shellfish. These foods are high in purines, which can increase uric acid levels and trigger gout flare-ups. Fresh fruits, uncooked vegetables, dairy products, and leafy greens are generally not associated with exacerbating gout symptoms and do not need to be significantly restricted in the diet of someone with gout.
4. How should a healthcare professional assess a patient with suspected sepsis?
- A. Monitor vital signs and administer antibiotics
- B. Monitor for signs of infection and confusion
- C. Monitor for fever and check oxygen saturation
- D. Assess for confusion and administer fluids
Correct answer: A
Rationale: When assessing a patient with suspected sepsis, it is crucial to monitor vital signs like temperature, heart rate, respiratory rate, and blood pressure. Administering antibiotics promptly is also vital to treat the infection causing sepsis. This approach helps in preventing the progression of sepsis to severe stages and reduces the risk of complications. Choice B is incorrect because only monitoring signs of infection and confusion may delay necessary treatment with antibiotics. Choice C is incorrect as it focuses only on fever and oxygen saturation, missing other important vital signs. Choice D is incorrect because assessing for confusion alone is not sufficient, and administering fluids should be guided by the patient's fluid status rather than being an initial step in suspected sepsis assessment.
5. What are the complications of untreated deep vein thrombosis (DVT)?
- A. Pulmonary embolism and stroke
- B. Kidney failure and hypertension
- C. Liver failure and electrolyte imbalance
- D. Fluid overload and bradycardia
Correct answer: A
Rationale: Corrected Rationale: Untreated DVT can lead to complications such as pulmonary embolism and stroke. Pulmonary embolism occurs when a blood clot from the leg travels to the lungs, potentially blocking blood flow and causing respiratory distress. Stroke can occur if a blood clot dislodges from the leg veins, travels to the brain, and obstructs a blood vessel, leading to brain tissue damage. Both of these complications are life-threatening if not managed promptly. The other choices (B, C, D) do not represent common complications of untreated DVT and are therefore incorrect.
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