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ATI PN Comprehensive Predictor 2020 Answers
1. A nurse is planning an educational program for high school students about cigarette smoking. Which of the following potential consequences of smoking is most likely to discourage adolescents from using tobacco?
- A. Use of tobacco might lead to alcohol and drug abuse.
- B. Smoking in adolescence increases the risk of developing lung cancer later in life.
- C. Use of tobacco decreases the level of athletic ability.
- D. Smoking in adolescence increases the risk of lifelong addiction.
Correct answer: C
Rationale: The most likely consequence to discourage adolescents from smoking is the immediate effect of decreased athletic ability. This consequence is more tangible and relevant to high school students compared to long-term health risks like lung cancer or addiction. While choices A, B, and D are all negative outcomes of smoking, choice C is more likely to have a direct impact on adolescents due to its immediate and visible effects on their physical performance.
2. What is the primary action the nurse should take first for a client with a pressure ulcer who has a serum albumin level of 3 g/dL?
- A. Increase the protein intake in the diet
- B. Consult with a dietitian to create a high-protein diet
- C. Increase the IV fluid infusion rate
- D. Administer a protein supplement
Correct answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is to consult with a dietitian to create a high-protein diet. A serum albumin level of 3 g/dL indicates hypoalbuminemia, which can impair wound healing. Consulting with a dietitian to optimize the client's protein intake is crucial in promoting wound healing for pressure ulcers. Increasing the protein intake in the diet (Choice A) may not be sufficient without proper guidance from a dietitian. Increasing the IV fluid infusion rate (Choice C) is not directly related to addressing the protein deficiency. Administering a protein supplement (Choice D) should be guided by a healthcare professional's recommendation after consulting with a dietitian.
3. A client has hyperthermia. Which of the following actions should the nurse take?
- A. Submerge the client's feet in ice water.
- B. Cover the client with a thermal blanket.
- C. Administer oral acetaminophen.
- D. Initiate seizure precautions.
Correct answer: C
Rationale: Administering oral acetaminophen is the appropriate intervention for a client with hyperthermia. Acetaminophen helps to reduce fever by lowering the body's temperature. Submerging the client's feet in ice water can lead to shock and is not recommended. Using a thermal blanket may worsen the condition by trapping heat. Initiating seizure precautions is not directly related to managing hyperthermia.
4. A client diagnosed with gout is receiving dietary instruction from a nurse. What dietary advice should be provided?
- A. Limit intake of fresh fruits and uncooked vegetables
- B. Limit intake of red meat and shellfish
- C. Limit intake of dairy products
- D. Increase intake of leafy greens
Correct answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is to limit the intake of red meat and shellfish. These foods are high in purines, which can increase uric acid levels and trigger gout flare-ups. Fresh fruits, uncooked vegetables, dairy products, and leafy greens are generally not associated with exacerbating gout symptoms and do not need to be significantly restricted in the diet of someone with gout.
5. What are the early signs and symptoms of sepsis?
- A. Increased heart rate and fever
- B. Low blood pressure and confusion
- C. Rapid breathing and sweating
- D. Abdominal pain and cyanosis
Correct answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Increased heart rate and fever. In sepsis, an increased heart rate and fever are common early signs of systemic infection. While choices B, C, and D can be present in later stages of sepsis, they are not typically the initial signs. Low blood pressure and confusion may occur in severe sepsis or septic shock. Rapid breathing and sweating can be seen as sepsis progresses. Abdominal pain and cyanosis may develop as the condition advances but are not usually the earliest signs.
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