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ATI PN Comprehensive Predictor 2020 Answers
1. A nurse is teaching a client who has ulcerative colitis about dietary recommendations. Which of the following instructions should the nurse include?
- A. Avoid high-fiber foods
- B. Increase intake of spicy foods
- C. Consume foods high in fiber
- D. Eat large, infrequent meals
Correct answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: 'Consume foods high in fiber.' Consuming high-fiber foods helps manage symptoms of ulcerative colitis by promoting regular bowel movements. Choices A, B, and D are incorrect. Avoiding high-fiber foods can worsen symptoms as fiber is beneficial for digestive health. Increasing the intake of spicy foods can exacerbate inflammation in the digestive tract, leading to more discomfort. Eating large, infrequent meals can put more strain on the digestive system, which is not ideal for managing ulcerative colitis.
2. A nurse is caring for a client with dementia who frequently attempts to get out of bed unsupervised. What is the best intervention?
- A. Use restraints to prevent the client from getting out of bed
- B. Encourage family members to stay with the client at all times
- C. Use a bed exit alarm system
- D. Keep the client's room dark and quiet to reduce stimulation
Correct answer: C
Rationale: The best intervention for a client with dementia who frequently attempts to get out of bed unsupervised is to use a bed exit alarm system (Choice C). A bed exit alarm can alert staff when the client tries to leave the bed, helping to prevent falls. Using restraints (Choice A) is not recommended as it can lead to physical and psychological harm. While having family members present (Choice B) can be beneficial, it may not be feasible at all times. Keeping the client's room dark and quiet (Choice D) may not address the immediate safety concern of the client attempting to get out of bed.
3. Which dietary advice should a healthcare provider provide to a client with acute gout?
- A. Increase intake of dairy products
- B. Limit intake of red meat and shellfish
- C. Limit intake of fresh fruits and vegetables
- D. Limit intake of fruit juices and milk
Correct answer: B
Rationale: The correct dietary advice for a client with acute gout is to limit the intake of red meat and shellfish. These foods are high in purines, which can lead to increased uric acid levels in the body, exacerbating gout symptoms. Dairy products, fresh fruits, and vegetables are generally recommended for individuals with gout as they can help lower uric acid levels. Fruit juices and milk, in moderation, can also be part of a gout-friendly diet as they do not significantly contribute to uric acid buildup.
4. A nurse is planning an educational program for high school students about cigarette smoking. Which of the following potential consequences of smoking is most likely to discourage adolescents from using tobacco?
- A. Use of tobacco might lead to alcohol and drug abuse.
- B. Smoking in adolescence increases the risk of developing lung cancer later in life.
- C. Use of tobacco decreases the level of athletic ability.
- D. Smoking in adolescence increases the risk of lifelong addiction.
Correct answer: C
Rationale: The most likely consequence to discourage adolescents from smoking is the immediate effect of decreased athletic ability. This consequence is more tangible and relevant to high school students compared to long-term health risks like lung cancer or addiction. While choices A, B, and D are all negative outcomes of smoking, choice C is more likely to have a direct impact on adolescents due to its immediate and visible effects on their physical performance.
5. What is the most important intervention for a patient experiencing respiratory distress?
- A. Administer oxygen
- B. Monitor airway patency
- C. Provide bronchodilators
- D. Call for assistance
Correct answer: A
Rationale: Administering oxygen is crucial in managing a patient experiencing respiratory distress. Oxygen therapy helps to improve oxygen levels in the blood, supporting vital organ functions. While monitoring airway patency is important, administering oxygen takes precedence in ensuring the patient receives an adequate oxygen supply. Providing bronchodilators may be beneficial in certain respiratory conditions, but the immediate priority in distress is to address oxygenation. Calling for assistance is essential, but the immediate intervention to support the patient's respiratory function is administering oxygen.
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