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ATI PN Comprehensive Predictor 2020 Answers
1. A nurse is caring for a client who has severe preeclampsia and is receiving magnesium sulfate intravenously. The nurse discontinues the magnesium sulfate after the client displays toxicity. Which of the following actions should the nurse take?
- A. Position the client supine.
- B. Prepare an IV bolus of dextrose 5% in water.
- C. Administer methylergonovine IM.
- D. Administer calcium gluconate IV.
Correct answer: D
Rationale: In cases of magnesium sulfate toxicity, calcium gluconate is the antidote that should be administered promptly. Positioning the client supine (Choice A) is not the priority in this scenario. Administering dextrose 5% in water (Choice B) is not indicated for magnesium sulfate toxicity. Methylergonovine IM (Choice C) is used for postpartum hemorrhage, not for magnesium sulfate toxicity.
2. A client with hypertension is receiving lifestyle education from a nurse. What should be emphasized?
- A. Encourage a low-sodium diet
- B. Advise the client to avoid caffeinated drinks
- C. Recommend increasing high-protein foods
- D. Advise the client to reduce fat intake
Correct answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is to advise the client to avoid caffeinated drinks. Caffeine can temporarily increase blood pressure, so avoiding caffeinated drinks can help manage hypertension. Encouraging a low-sodium diet (Choice A) is essential for hypertension management as excess sodium can raise blood pressure. Increasing high-protein foods (Choice C) is not a primary focus in managing hypertension. While reducing fat intake (Choice D) can be beneficial for overall health, it is not the priority in lifestyle modifications for hypertension.
3. What are the complications of untreated deep vein thrombosis (DVT)?
- A. Pulmonary embolism and stroke
- B. Kidney failure and hypertension
- C. Liver failure and electrolyte imbalance
- D. Fluid overload and bradycardia
Correct answer: A
Rationale: Corrected Rationale: Untreated DVT can lead to complications such as pulmonary embolism and stroke. Pulmonary embolism occurs when a blood clot from the leg travels to the lungs, potentially blocking blood flow and causing respiratory distress. Stroke can occur if a blood clot dislodges from the leg veins, travels to the brain, and obstructs a blood vessel, leading to brain tissue damage. Both of these complications are life-threatening if not managed promptly. The other choices (B, C, D) do not represent common complications of untreated DVT and are therefore incorrect.
4. A nurse is caring for a client who is taking digoxin. Which of the following findings should the nurse identify as a sign of digoxin toxicity?
- A. Bradycardia
- B. Tachycardia
- C. Hypotension
- D. Hyperkalemia
Correct answer: A
Rationale: Bradycardia is a common sign of digoxin toxicity. Digoxin, a cardiac glycoside, can lead to toxicity manifesting as bradycardia due to its effect on the heart's electrical conduction system. Tachycardia (choice B) is not typically associated with digoxin toxicity. Hypotension (choice C) and hyperkalemia (choice D) are not direct signs of digoxin toxicity. Therefore, the correct answer is bradycardia.
5. A nurse is caring for a client who requests information about advance directives. Which of the following responses should the nurse make?
- A. It's a living will outlining your funeral wishes
- B. It's a document that allows you to donate organs
- C. It includes end-of-life care instructions
- D. It provides legal guardianship rights
Correct answer: C
Rationale: The correct response is C: 'It includes end-of-life care instructions.' An advance directive is a legal document that outlines a client's preferences for medical treatment and end-of-life care in case they are unable to communicate. Choice A is incorrect because an advance directive focuses on healthcare decisions, not funeral arrangements. Choice B is incorrect as organ donation is a separate process from advance directives. Choice D is incorrect as advance directives do not provide legal guardianship rights, but rather specify healthcare wishes.
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