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ATI PN Comprehensive Predictor 2020 Answers
1. What are the early signs of DVT?
- A. Leg pain, swelling, and redness
- B. Shortness of breath and high fever
- C. Cough and chest pain
- D. Decreased oxygen saturation and low blood pressure
Correct answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Leg pain, swelling, and redness are early signs of DVT. DVT (Deep Vein Thrombosis) is a condition where blood clots form in deep veins, commonly in the legs. These clots can cause symptoms like pain, swelling, and redness in the affected leg. Choices B, C, and D describe symptoms more commonly associated with other conditions like pulmonary embolism (shortness of breath and high fever), respiratory issues (cough and chest pain), and cardiovascular problems (decreased oxygen saturation and low blood pressure), respectively. Therefore, they are not indicative of early signs of DVT.
2. A client with peptic ulcer disease is being taught measures to prevent exacerbation of the condition. Which of the following instructions should the nurse include?
- A. Avoid consuming dairy products
- B. Limit alcohol consumption
- C. Use antacids frequently
- D. Drink coffee to improve digestion
Correct answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Limit alcohol consumption. Alcohol can irritate the stomach lining and worsen peptic ulcer disease. Avoiding dairy products is not necessary unless the client is lactose intolerant. Using antacids frequently may provide symptomatic relief but does not address the root cause of the condition. Drinking coffee can actually stimulate acid production and potentially aggravate peptic ulcers.
3. A nurse is planning care for a client who is at 28 weeks of gestation and has preeclampsia. Which of the following interventions should the nurse include in the plan?
- A. Restrict the client's fluid intake.
- B. Monitor the client's deep-tendon reflexes.
- C. Place the client in the lithotomy position.
- D. Encourage the client to ambulate frequently.
Correct answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is to monitor the client's deep-tendon reflexes. Monitoring deep-tendon reflexes is crucial in clients with preeclampsia as hyperreflexia can indicate severe complications. Restricting the client's fluid intake is not recommended as hydration is essential. Placing the client in the lithotomy position can worsen preeclampsia by reducing blood flow to the heart, so it should be avoided. Encouraging the client to ambulate frequently may not be suitable for a client with preeclampsia due to the risk of falls and increased stress on the body.
4. How should a healthcare professional assess a patient with suspected sepsis?
- A. Monitor vital signs and administer antibiotics
- B. Monitor for signs of infection and confusion
- C. Monitor for fever and check oxygen saturation
- D. Assess for confusion and administer fluids
Correct answer: A
Rationale: When assessing a patient with suspected sepsis, it is crucial to monitor vital signs like temperature, heart rate, respiratory rate, and blood pressure. Administering antibiotics promptly is also vital to treat the infection causing sepsis. This approach helps in preventing the progression of sepsis to severe stages and reduces the risk of complications. Choice B is incorrect because only monitoring signs of infection and confusion may delay necessary treatment with antibiotics. Choice C is incorrect as it focuses only on fever and oxygen saturation, missing other important vital signs. Choice D is incorrect because assessing for confusion alone is not sufficient, and administering fluids should be guided by the patient's fluid status rather than being an initial step in suspected sepsis assessment.
5. A client has hyperthermia. Which of the following actions should the nurse take?
- A. Submerge the client's feet in ice water.
- B. Cover the client with a thermal blanket.
- C. Administer oral acetaminophen.
- D. Initiate seizure precautions.
Correct answer: C
Rationale: Administering oral acetaminophen is the appropriate intervention for a client with hyperthermia. Acetaminophen helps to reduce fever by lowering the body's temperature. Submerging the client's feet in ice water can lead to shock and is not recommended. Using a thermal blanket may worsen the condition by trapping heat. Initiating seizure precautions is not directly related to managing hyperthermia.
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