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ATI PN Comprehensive Predictor
1. How should a healthcare provider educate a patient with hypertension about lifestyle modifications?
- A. Reduce sodium intake
- B. Increase physical activity
- C. Quit smoking
- D. Avoid alcohol
Correct answer: A
Rationale: When educating a patient with hypertension about lifestyle modifications, reducing sodium intake is crucial as excess sodium can contribute to high blood pressure. While increasing physical activity is beneficial for overall health, it is not the primary lifestyle modification specifically targeted at hypertension. Quitting smoking and avoiding alcohol are important for general health but are not the first-line lifestyle modifications recommended for hypertension. Therefore, the correct answer is to reduce sodium intake.
2. A nurse is caring for a client with an NG tube who reports nausea and a decrease in gastric secretions. What is the nurse's next step?
- A. Administer an antiemetic
- B. Irrigate the NG tube with sterile water
- C. Increase the suction setting
- D. Replace the NG tube
Correct answer: B
Rationale: The correct next step for the nurse is to irrigate the NG tube with sterile water. This action helps relieve blockages that may be causing the symptoms of nausea and decreased gastric secretions. Administering an antiemetic (Choice A) may mask the underlying issue without addressing the possible blockage. Increasing the suction setting (Choice C) is not indicated without first addressing the potential blockage. Replacing the NG tube (Choice D) is also premature before attempting to clear any obstructions.
3. A nurse is admitting a client who has anorexia nervosa. Which of the following is an expected finding?
- A. Iron 90 mcg/dl.
- B. Prealbumin 10 mcg/dl.
- C. Serum creatinine 0.8 mg/dl.
- D. Calcium 9.5 mg/dl.
Correct answer: B
Rationale: Corrected Rationale: Low prealbumin levels are indicative of malnutrition, which is common in individuals with anorexia nervosa. Iron levels, serum creatinine, and calcium levels are not typically affected in the same way by anorexia nervosa, making choices A, C, and D incorrect.
4. What are the potential complications of a patient receiving hemodialysis?
- A. Infection and hypotension
- B. Pulmonary embolism and fluid overload
- C. Blood clot formation and electrolyte imbalance
- D. Low blood pressure and nausea
Correct answer: A
Rationale: Corrected Question: What are the potential complications of a patient receiving hemodialysis? Rationale: Infection and hypotension are common complications in patients undergoing hemodialysis. Pulmonary embolism and fluid overload (Choice B) are less common complications associated with hemodialysis. Blood clot formation and electrolyte imbalance (Choice C) are also potential complications but are not as common as infection and hypotension. Low blood pressure and nausea (Choice D) can occur but are not as prevalent as infection and hypotension.
5. A client who decides not to have surgery despite significant blockages in his coronary arteries is an example of what principle?
- A. Fidelity
- B. Autonomy
- C. Justice
- D. Non-maleficence
Correct answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Autonomy. Autonomy in healthcare refers to respecting a patient's right to make decisions about their own care, even if those decisions may not align with healthcare providers' recommendations. In this scenario, the client's decision not to have surgery despite significant blockages in his coronary arteries demonstrates his autonomy in making choices about his own health. Choice A, Fidelity, refers to the concept of keeping promises and being faithful to commitments, which is not applicable in this situation. Choice C, Justice, involves fairness and equal treatment in healthcare, which is not the primary principle at play when a patient exercises autonomy. Choice D, Non-maleficence, relates to the principle of doing no harm, which is important but not directly relevant to the client's decision to refuse surgery.
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