LPN LPN
ATI PN Comprehensive Predictor 2024
1. A client has developed phlebitis at the IV site. What should the nurse do first?
- A. Apply a warm compress to the IV site
- B. Discontinue the IV and notify the provider
- C. Monitor the IV site for signs of infection
- D. Administer an anti-inflammatory medication
Correct answer: B
Rationale: When a client develops phlebitis at the IV site, the priority action for the nurse is to discontinue the IV and notify the provider. Phlebitis is inflammation of the vein, and removing the IV can help prevent further complications. Applying a warm compress may provide symptomatic relief but does not address the root cause. Monitoring for infection is important, but immediate action to remove the source of inflammation is crucial. Administering an anti-inflammatory medication is not the first-line intervention for phlebitis; removal of the IV is necessary.
2. How should a healthcare provider manage a patient with Type 1 diabetes?
- A. Administer insulin and monitor blood glucose levels
- B. Provide a low-carbohydrate diet and oral hypoglycemics
- C. Administer oral hypoglycemics and provide dietary education
- D. Provide a high-protein diet and insulin injections
Correct answer: A
Rationale: Type 1 diabetes is managed with insulin administration and regular blood glucose monitoring. Choice A is correct because administering insulin is essential in Type 1 diabetes management to help regulate blood glucose levels. Choices B, C, and D are incorrect because Type 1 diabetes requires insulin therapy as the primary treatment, not oral hypoglycemics or dietary modifications like low-carbohydrate or high-protein diets. Monitoring blood glucose levels is crucial in adjusting insulin doses and ensuring optimal management of the condition.
3. What are the nursing interventions for a patient experiencing hypoglycemia?
- A. Administer glucose or dextrose and monitor blood sugar levels
- B. Monitor vital signs and provide a high-carbohydrate snack
- C. Monitor for sweating and confusion
- D. Provide insulin and assess for hyperglycemia
Correct answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A. Administering glucose or dextrose is a crucial nursing intervention for a patient experiencing hypoglycemia as it helps to quickly raise blood sugar levels. Monitoring blood sugar levels is essential to ensure that the patient's glucose levels normalize. Choice B is incorrect because providing a high-carbohydrate snack may not be sufficient to rapidly raise blood sugar levels in severe hypoglycemia. Choice C is incorrect because while monitoring for sweating and confusion is important in hypoglycemia, it is not a direct nursing intervention. Choice D is incorrect as providing insulin would lower blood sugar levels further, worsening hypoglycemia.
4. A nurse is teaching a client who has irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) about dietary modifications. Which of the following instructions should the nurse include?
- A. Increase fiber intake to 35 grams per day
- B. Avoid dairy products
- C. Eat small, frequent meals
- D. Avoid fruits and vegetables
Correct answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: 'Eat small, frequent meals.' Eating small, frequent meals helps manage IBS symptoms by avoiding overloading the digestive system. Choice A is incorrect because increasing fiber intake may worsen symptoms in some individuals with IBS. Choice B is not a blanket recommendation for all IBS patients; some may tolerate dairy products well. Choice D is incorrect as fruits and vegetables are important sources of nutrients and should not be completely avoided unless specific triggers are identified.
5. A nurse is reviewing the medical record of a client who is taking enalapril for hypertension. Which of the following findings should the nurse report to the provider?
- A. Blood pressure of 150/80 mm Hg
- B. Swelling in the legs
- C. Persistent cough
- D. Heart rate of 72 beats per minute
Correct answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Persistent cough. Enalapril is known to cause a persistent dry cough as a side effect. This adverse reaction is due to the accumulation of bradykinin in the lungs, leading to irritation and cough. The nurse should report this symptom to the provider for further evaluation and possible medication adjustment. Choices A, B, and D are not directly associated with enalapril use. While a blood pressure of 150/80 mm Hg is elevated and should be monitored, it is not a direct side effect of enalapril. Swelling in the legs and a heart rate of 72 beats per minute are also not typically related to enalapril use and should be assessed but are not the priority findings to report in this scenario.
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