LPN LPN
ATI PN Comprehensive Predictor 2024
1. What are the complications of untreated hypertension?
- A. Heart disease and stroke
- B. Kidney failure and vision loss
- C. Pulmonary embolism and arrhythmias
- D. Blood clots and gastrointestinal bleeding
Correct answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: 'Heart disease and stroke.' Untreated hypertension can lead to various complications, including heart disease and stroke. These are common outcomes of long-term high blood pressure. Choice B, 'Kidney failure and vision loss,' is incorrect as kidney failure and vision loss are more commonly associated with diabetic complications rather than untreated hypertension. Choice C, 'Pulmonary embolism and arrhythmias,' while serious, are not among the primary complications of untreated hypertension. Choice D, 'Blood clots and gastrointestinal bleeding,' are not typical complications of untreated hypertension but can occur due to other conditions such as blood clotting disorders or gastrointestinal diseases.
2. A nurse is preparing to administer an influenza virus immunization to a client by the intradermal route. Which of the following actions should the nurse take?
- A. Avoid massaging the site after injection
- B. Massage the site after injection
- C. Use a circular motion to rub the site
- D. Apply a bandage after injecting
Correct answer: A
Rationale: The correct action for the nurse to take after administering an influenza virus immunization by the intradermal route is to avoid massaging the site. Massaging the site can spread the vaccine, potentially reducing its effectiveness. Rubbing the site in a circular motion or applying a bandage are not recommended actions as they can also interfere with the proper absorption of the vaccine.
3. What should be included in dietary teaching for a client with chronic kidney disease?
- A. Increase potassium-rich foods in the diet
- B. Limit phosphorus and potassium intake
- C. Encourage protein-rich foods to improve nutrition
- D. Increase calcium-rich foods in the diet
Correct answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is to limit phosphorus and potassium intake for a client with chronic kidney disease. In renal insufficiency, the kidneys struggle to excrete these minerals, leading to their buildup in the blood, which can be harmful. Limiting phosphorus and potassium intake helps prevent further kidney damage and manage the progression of chronic kidney disease. Encouraging protein-rich foods (Choice C) may be counterproductive as excessive protein intake can burden the kidneys. Increasing potassium-rich foods (Choice A) is incorrect as high potassium levels can be detrimental in kidney disease. Increasing calcium-rich foods (Choice D) is not typically a focus in dietary teaching for chronic kidney disease unless there is a specific deficiency or need, as excessive calcium intake can also be harmful to kidney function.
4. A nurse is planning discharge teaching about cord care for the parents of a newborn. Which of the following instructions should the nurse plan to include in the teaching?
- A. Clean the base of the cord with hydrogen peroxide daily.
- B. The cord stump will fall off in 5 days.
- C. Contact the provider if the cord stump turns black.
- D. Keep the cord stump dry until it falls off.
Correct answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is to keep the cord stump dry until it falls off. This is important to promote natural healing and prevent infection. Choice A is incorrect because cleaning the cord with hydrogen peroxide daily can actually delay healing and increase the risk of infection. Choice B is incorrect as the cord stump typically falls off within 1 to 3 weeks, not in 5 days. Choice C is incorrect because a cord stump turning black is a normal part of the healing process and does not necessarily indicate a problem requiring immediate provider contact.
5. A nurse is assisting with monitoring a client who is in labor and has spontaneous rupture of membranes following a vaginal examination. The provider reports the client's cervix is dilated to 1 cm with an unengaged presenting part. Which of the following actions should the nurse take?
- A. Encourage the client to bear down
- B. Apply the external fetal monitor
- C. Provide the client with fluids
- D. Administer IV fluids
Correct answer: B
Rationale: In this scenario, with the client's cervix dilated to only 1 cm and an unengaged presenting part, the priority action is to apply the external fetal monitor. This allows for continuous monitoring of the fetal heart rate during early labor, which is crucial for assessing fetal well-being. Encouraging the client to bear down is not appropriate at 1 cm dilation, as it may not be effective and can lead to exhaustion. Providing the client with fluids or administering IV fluids may be necessary for hydration, but the immediate concern is monitoring fetal well-being.
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