Nursing Elites

1. Which of the following types of fiber is not a carbohydrate?

• A. gums
• B. lignin
• C. pectin
• D. cellulose

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Lignin is the correct answer because it is a type of fiber that is not a carbohydrate and provides structure to plant cell walls. Gums (choice A), pectin (choice C), and cellulose (choice D) are all types of dietary fiber that are carbohydrates. Gums are a type of soluble fiber, pectin is found in fruits and is a soluble fiber, and cellulose is a type of insoluble fiber found in plant cell walls.

2. Which chain length of fatty acids is most water-soluble and easily absorbed into the bloodstream?

• A. Very long.
• B. Long.
• C. Medium.
• D. Short.

Correct answer: D

Rationale: Short-chain fatty acids are the most water-soluble and are more easily absorbed into the bloodstream. Very long, long, and medium-chain fatty acids are less water-soluble and are absorbed at a slower rate compared to short-chain fatty acids. Therefore, the correct answer is D.

3. The mineral that helps control enzyme actions in cell mitochondria that produce and store high-energy compounds is:

• A. iron.
• B. cobalt.
• C. hemoglobin.
• D. vitamin B12.

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is iron. Iron is essential for enzyme function and energy production within the mitochondria. While cobalt is important for certain enzymes, it is not the primary mineral involved in this specific function. Hemoglobin is a protein in red blood cells that carries oxygen, not a mineral involved in enzyme actions. Vitamin B12 is crucial for nerve function and DNA synthesis but is not directly related to controlling enzyme actions in mitochondria.

4. Where does the major portion of the chemical digestion of lipids occur?

• A. Mouth.
• B. Stomach.
• C. Small intestine.
• D. Large intestine.

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Small intestine. The majority of lipid digestion occurs in the small intestine, where bile and pancreatic lipase are active. Lipids are broken down into fatty acids and glycerol in the small intestine. Choices A, B, and D are incorrect because the mouth and stomach play minor roles in lipid digestion, and the large intestine is mainly responsible for absorbing water and electrolytes from the indigestible food residues.

5. For a healthy person, what percentage of daily calories should be supplied by protein?

• A. 5% to 10%.
• B. 10% to 35%.
• C. more than 25%.
• D. more than 35%.

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: 10% to 35%. For a healthy person, it is recommended that 10% to 35% of their daily caloric intake should come from protein. This range ensures an adequate intake of protein for various bodily functions without overdoing it. Choices A, C, and D are incorrect because they suggest percentages either below the recommended range (A, C) or exceeding it (D), which could lead to nutritional imbalances or health issues.

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