LPN LPN
LPN Pharmacology
1. A client's serum calcium level is 7.9 mg/dL. The nurse is immediately concerned, knowing that this level could lead to which complication?
- A. Stroke
- B. Cardiac arrest
- C. High blood pressure
- D. Urinary stone formation
Correct answer: B
Rationale: A serum calcium level below normal (hypocalcemia) can lead to cardiac arrhythmias and potentially cardiac arrest. Calcium plays a crucial role in cardiac muscle contractility, and low levels can disrupt normal heart function, potentially leading to fatal arrhythmias and cardiac arrest. Choices A, C, and D are incorrect as hypocalcemia is not directly associated with stroke, high blood pressure, or urinary stone formation. The immediate concern with low serum calcium levels is the risk of cardiac complications.
2. The nurse is preparing to care for a client who will be arriving from the recovery room after an above-the-knee amputation. The nurse ensures that which priority item is available for emergency use?
- A. Surgical tourniquet
- B. Dry sterile dressings
- C. Incentive spirometer
- D. Over-the-bed trapeze
Correct answer: A
Rationale: In the case of an above-the-knee amputation, the priority item that should be available for emergency use is a surgical tourniquet. This is crucial to control severe bleeding that may occur post-operatively. Dry sterile dressings (choice B) are important for wound care but not for immediate post-operative emergencies like bleeding. An incentive spirometer (choice C) is used for respiratory exercises and not directly related to emergency management post-amputation. An over-the-bed trapeze (choice D) is used for assisting clients with mobility and positioning, not for emergency situations involving bleeding.
3. A client is admitted with an arterial ischemic leg ulcer. The nurse expects to note that this ulcer has which typical characteristic?
- A. Dark pink base
- B. Deep and painful
- C. Accompanied by very slight pain
- D. Brown pigmentation of surrounding skin
Correct answer: B
Rationale: Arterial ischemic ulcers are typically characterized by being deep and painful, often with a pale or necrotic base. The lack of adequate blood flow leads to tissue damage, resulting in these ulcers having a deep appearance and causing significant pain to the individual. The other options are not commonly associated with arterial ischemic ulcers; a dark pink base, very slight pain, or brown pigmentation of surrounding skin are not typical features of this type of ulcer.
4. The client admitted to the hospital with pulmonary edema is preparing for discharge. The client should be reminded of the importance of complying with which measure to prevent a recurrence?
- A. Weigh oneself every morning before breakfast.
- B. Sleep with the head elevated on multiple pillows.
- C. Adjust diuretic dose without healthcare provider guidance.
- D. Take additional digoxin (Lanoxin) as a preventive measure.
Correct answer: A
Rationale: Monitoring weight daily, especially in the morning before breakfast, is crucial in detecting fluid retention early and preventing pulmonary edema. Sudden weight gain can indicate fluid accumulation, prompting timely intervention to prevent complications. Choice A is the correct answer because daily weight monitoring is a key component in managing heart failure and preventing pulmonary edema recurrence. Choices B and D are not directly related to preventing fluid retention or pulmonary edema recurrence. Choice C is unsafe as adjusting diuretic doses without healthcare provider guidance can lead to electrolyte imbalances and worsening of the condition.
5. The healthcare provider is setting up the bedside unit for a client being admitted to the nursing unit from the emergency department with a diagnosis of coronary artery disease (CAD). The provider should place the highest priority on making sure that which is available at the bedside?
- A. Bedside commode
- B. Rolling shower chair
- C. Oxygen tubing and flowmeter
- D. Twelve-lead electrocardiogram (ECG) machine
Correct answer: C
Rationale: In a client with coronary artery disease (CAD), ensuring the availability of oxygen and a flowmeter at the bedside is crucial. Oxygen is essential for adequate oxygenation, which helps prevent myocardial ischemia, a common complication in CAD. The other options, such as a bedside commode and rolling shower chair, are important for patient comfort and mobility but are not as critical as ensuring proper oxygen supply in a client with CAD. While having an ECG machine available is important for ongoing monitoring, ensuring oxygen availability takes precedence in this scenario.
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