LPN LPN
LPN Pharmacology
1. The LPN/LVN is collecting data on a client with a diagnosis of angina pectoris who takes nitroglycerin for chest pain. During the admission, the client reports chest pain. The nurse should immediately ask the client which question?
- A. Are you having any nausea?
- B. Where is the pain located?
- C. Are you allergic to any medications?
- D. Do you have your nitroglycerin with you?
Correct answer: B
Rationale: In a client with angina pectoris, determining the location of chest pain is crucial for assessing the potential severity and cause. This information helps the nurse to further evaluate the nature of the pain and its probable origin, aiding in timely and appropriate interventions. Choices A, C, and D are not as immediately relevant as determining the location of the chest pain when assessing a client with angina pectoris.
2. A client diagnosed with angina pectoris returns to the nursing unit after experiencing an angioplasty. The nurse reinforces instructions to the client regarding the procedure and home care measures. Which statement by the client indicates an understanding of the instructions?
- A. I am considering cutting my workload.
- B. I need to cut down on cigarette smoking.
- C. I am so relieved that my heart is repaired.
- D. I need to adhere to my dietary restrictions.
Correct answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B because cutting down on cigarette smoking is crucial for improving heart health after angioplasty. Smoking cessation helps in reducing the risk of complications and promotes better outcomes. Choices A and C are not directly related to post-angioplasty care. While reducing workload may be beneficial, it is not specifically related to the client's cardiac health. Feeling relieved that the heart is repaired is a positive emotional response but does not reflect understanding of the necessary measures. Adhering to dietary restrictions is important, but in this scenario, smoking cessation takes higher priority due to its immediate impact on heart health.
3. The client with Raynaud's phenomenon is being taught by the nurse about preventing episodes. Which instruction should the nurse reinforce?
- A. Wear gloves in cold weather.
- B. Avoid caffeine and chocolate.
- C. Increase intake of vitamin C.
- D. Use a heating pad for warmth.
Correct answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: 'Wear gloves in cold weather.' Wearing gloves in cold weather is essential for preventing vasoconstriction and subsequent episodes of Raynaud's phenomenon. Cold temperatures can trigger vasospasms in individuals with Raynaud's, and wearing gloves helps maintain warmth and prevent the constriction of blood vessels in the extremities, reducing the likelihood of an episode. Choices B, C, and D are incorrect because while avoiding caffeine and chocolate, increasing vitamin C intake, and using a heating pad for warmth can be beneficial for overall health, they are not specifically targeted at preventing Raynaud's phenomenon episodes triggered by cold weather.
4. The healthcare professional is collecting data on a client who was just admitted to the hospital with a diagnosis of coronary artery disease (CAD). The client reveals having been under a great deal of stress recently. What should the healthcare professional do next?
- A. Ask whether the client wants to seek counseling or therapy.
- B. Explore with the client the sources of stress in their life.
- C. Reassure the client that stress is common in today's world.
- D. Ask the client to make a list of stressors for later evaluation.
Correct answer: B
Rationale: It is important for the healthcare professional to explore the sources of stress with the client to develop an effective stress management plan tailored to the individual's specific stressors. By understanding the sources of stress, healthcare professionals can identify triggers, implement appropriate interventions, and support the client's overall well-being. Option A is not the immediate next step as exploring the sources of stress should come before suggesting counseling or therapy. Option C is dismissive of the client's feelings and does not address the need for personalized stress management. Option D delays the process by asking the client to make a list without actively engaging in a discussion to identify stressors.
5. Why should the client diagnosed with rheumatic heart disease be advised to notify the dentist before dental procedures?
- A. The client requires prophylactic antibiotics before treatment.
- B. The client may experience dysrhythmias with high-speed drills.
- C. The client may have an adverse reaction to lidocaine with epinephrine.
- D. The client may develop heart failure during stressful events.
Correct answer: A
Rationale: Clients with rheumatic heart disease are at risk for infective endocarditis, a serious infection of the heart lining or valves. They need prophylactic antibiotics before invasive procedures, including dental work, to prevent this life-threatening complication. While dysrhythmias with high-speed drills, adverse reactions to local anesthesia, and the risk of heart failure during stressful events are all concerns for clients with heart conditions, the primary reason for notifying the dentist before dental procedures in rheumatic heart disease is the need for prophylactic antibiotics to prevent infective endocarditis.
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