LPN LPN
LPN Pharmacology
1. The healthcare provider is monitoring a client with left-sided heart failure. Which assessment finding indicates that the client's condition is worsening?
- A. Clear lung sounds
- B. Increased peripheral pulses
- C. Bibasilar crackles
- D. Improved activity tolerance
Correct answer: C
Rationale: Bibasilar crackles are abnormal lung sounds that indicate fluid accumulation in the lungs, a sign that left-sided heart failure is worsening. This finding suggests that the client's condition is deteriorating and requires prompt intervention to prevent further complications. Clear lung sounds (Choice A) are normal and would not indicate worsening heart failure. Increased peripheral pulses (Choice B) may be seen in conditions like anxiety or exercise, but not specifically in worsening left-sided heart failure. Improved activity tolerance (Choice D) would be a positive sign, not an indicator of worsening heart failure.
2. The nurse is planning measures to decrease the incidence of chest pain for a client with angina pectoris. What intervention should the nurse do to effectively accomplish this goal?
- A. Provide a quiet and low-stimulus environment.
- B. Encourage the family to visit very frequently.
- C. Encourage the client to call friends and relatives each day.
- D. Recommend that the client watch TV as a constant diversion.
Correct answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Provide a quiet and low-stimulus environment. A calm and quiet environment can help reduce stress, which is beneficial in preventing the occurrence of chest pain in clients with angina. Choice B is incorrect because excessive or frequent visitations may lead to increased stress and agitation for the client. Choice C is incorrect as it may not always contribute to a calm environment and could potentially increase the client's stress levels. Choice D is inappropriate as watching TV constantly may not promote a quiet and low-stimulus environment, which is essential in managing angina pectoris.
3. When assisting a hospitalized client newly diagnosed with coronary artery disease (CAD) to make appropriate selections from the dietary menu, which meal should the nurse encourage the client to select?
- A. Sausage, pancakes, and toast
- B. Broccoli, buttered rice, and grilled chicken
- C. Hamburger, baked apples, and avocado salad
- D. Fresh strawberries, steamed vegetables, and baked fish
Correct answer: D
Rationale: The correct choice is D: Fresh strawberries, steamed vegetables, and baked fish. This meal is low in saturated fats and cholesterol, which is suitable for a client with CAD. It aligns with dietary recommendations to support heart health and manage CAD. Choices A, B, and C are less appropriate as they contain higher levels of saturated fats and cholesterol, which are not ideal for individuals with CAD.
4. The healthcare provider has reinforced dietary instructions to a client with coronary artery disease. Which statement by the client indicates an understanding of the dietary instructions?
- A. I should substitute eggs and milk for meat.
- B. I will eliminate all cholesterol and fat from my diet.
- C. I should routinely use polyunsaturated oils in my diet.
- D. I need to consider becoming a strict vegetarian.
Correct answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C. Using polyunsaturated oils, such as vegetable oils, can help manage cholesterol levels and reduce the risk of heart disease. This dietary change is beneficial for individuals with coronary artery disease as it promotes heart health by improving cholesterol profiles. Substituting eggs and milk for meat (Choice A) may not address the overall dietary needs for managing the condition. Completely eliminating all cholesterol and fat from the diet (Choice B) is not necessary as the body needs some healthy fats. Considering becoming a strict vegetarian (Choice D) is a personal choice and may not necessarily be required to manage coronary artery disease.
5. A client with a history of angina is scheduled for an exercise electrocardiography (ECG) test. The nurse should explain that the purpose of this test is to evaluate which factor?
- A. The heart's response to physical stress
- B. The client's overall physical fitness
- C. The presence of electrolyte imbalances
- D. The effectiveness of anti-anginal medications
Correct answer: A
Rationale: An exercise electrocardiography (ECG) test is used to evaluate the heart's response to physical stress. During the test, the heart's electrical activity is monitored while the client exercises, helping to identify any areas of ischemia or abnormal rhythms. This test helps healthcare providers assess the heart's function and detect any potential issues related to angina or other cardiac conditions. Choice B, the client's overall physical fitness, is incorrect because the test primarily focuses on the heart's response to stress rather than the client's general physical fitness. Choice C, the presence of electrolyte imbalances, is incorrect as this test is not specifically designed to evaluate electrolyte levels. Choice D, the effectiveness of anti-anginal medications, is incorrect as the main purpose of the test is to assess the heart's response to physical stress, not medication effectiveness.
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