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ATI PN Comprehensive Predictor 2023 with NGN
1. A nurse is caring for a client who has syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion (SIADH). Which of the following findings should the nurse expect?
- A. Polyuria.
- B. Dehydration.
- C. Hyponatremia.
- D. Hyperglycemia.
Correct answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Hyponatremia. In SIADH, there is excessive release of antidiuretic hormone, causing water retention and dilutional hyponatremia. Polyuria (choice A) is increased urination, which is not a typical finding in SIADH. Dehydration (choice B) is the loss of body fluids, which is opposite to the fluid retention seen in SIADH. Hyperglycemia (choice D) is elevated blood sugar levels and is not directly related to SIADH.
2. How should a healthcare provider manage care for a patient with a wound infection?
- A. Administer prescribed antibiotics
- B. Clean the wound with saline
- C. Apply a sterile dressing
- D. Monitor for signs of sepsis
Correct answer: A
Rationale: When managing care for a patient with a wound infection, administering prescribed antibiotics is crucial. Antibiotics are necessary to treat the infection and prevent it from worsening. While cleaning the wound with saline and applying a sterile dressing are important components of wound care, the primary treatment for a wound infection is antibiotics. Monitoring for signs of sepsis is also essential, but administering antibiotics promptly is the most critical step in managing a wound infection.
3. A nurse is collecting data from a client who is experiencing a situational crisis following the loss of a job. The client states, 'I don't think I can go through this again.' Which of the following actions is the nurse's priority?
- A. Determine if the client is experiencing psychotic thinking
- B. Determine the client's support system
- C. Ask how the client copes with stress
- D. Assess the client's vital signs
Correct answer: A
Rationale: The priority is to determine if the client is experiencing psychotic thinking or suicidal ideation. In this situation, the nurse needs to assess if the client is having distorted thoughts or losing touch with reality, which could pose an immediate risk to the client's safety. While determining the client's support system, asking how the client copes with stress, and assessing vital signs are important aspects of care, they are not the priority when there is a concern about potential psychotic thinking or suicidal ideation.
4. The physician orders risperidone (Risperdal) for a client with Alzheimer's disease. The nurse anticipates administering this medication to help decrease which of the following behaviors?
- A. Sleep disturbances
- B. Concomitant depression
- C. Agitation and assaultiveness
- D. Confusion and withdrawal
Correct answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Agitation and assaultiveness. Risperidone is commonly prescribed for clients with Alzheimer's disease to reduce symptoms of agitation and aggressive behavior. This medication helps in managing challenging behaviors often seen in individuals with Alzheimer's. Choice A, sleep disturbances, is incorrect as risperidone is not primarily indicated for treating sleep issues in Alzheimer's patients. Choice B, concomitant depression, is also incorrect as risperidone is not the first-line treatment for depression in Alzheimer's disease. Choice D, confusion and withdrawal, is incorrect as risperidone does not directly target these symptoms in Alzheimer's patients.
5. A client reports difficulty having a bowel movement. What is the most appropriate intervention?
- A. Administer a laxative to relieve constipation
- B. Encourage the client to increase fiber intake
- C. Advise the client to rest in bed to avoid straining
- D. Encourage the client to exercise to stimulate bowel movement
Correct answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is to encourage the client to increase fiber intake. Fiber helps promote regular bowel movements by adding bulk to the stool, making it easier to pass. Administering a laxative (Choice A) should not be the first-line intervention as it can lead to dependency and may not address the underlying cause of constipation. Advising the client to rest in bed (Choice C) may worsen constipation as physical activity helps stimulate bowel movements. Encouraging the client to exercise (Choice D) is beneficial, but increasing fiber intake is more directly related to improving bowel movements in this scenario.
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