HESI RN
Community Health HESI 2023 Quizlet
1. The healthcare provider provides teaching to a group of evacuees in a mass casualty center after a natural flooding disaster. Which information should the healthcare provider include in the teaching plan? (select one that does not apply.)
- A. wash all fruits and vegetables thoroughly in running tap water
- B. identify all sexual contacts since the evacuation process
- C. take all doses of prophylactic prescriptions for diarrhea
- D. clean hands using soap, clean water, or waterless antibacterial solutions
Correct answer: B
Rationale: In the aftermath of a flooding disaster, educating evacuees on proper hygiene practices like washing fruits and vegetables, taking prophylactic prescriptions, and practicing hand hygiene is crucial to prevent the spread of diseases. Option B, identifying sexual contacts, is not relevant to preventing post-disaster health risks and should not be included in the teaching plan.
2. An adolescent who was diagnosed with diabetes mellitus Type 1 at the age of 9 is admitted to the hospital in diabetic ketoacidosis. Which occurrence is the most likely cause of ketoacidosis?
- A. Had a cold and ear infection for the past two days
- B. Missed a dose of insulin
- C. Did not follow dietary restrictions
- D. Overexerted during exercise
Correct answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A. Infections, like a cold and ear infection, increase the body's metabolic needs and insulin resistance, making diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) more likely. While missing insulin doses or not following dietary restrictions can trigger DKA, an illness is the most common precipitating factor in pediatric Type 1 diabetes. Option B is less likely as missing insulin can lead to hyperglycemia but might not be the immediate cause of ketoacidosis. Option C can contribute to DKA over time, but the acute trigger is usually an illness. Option D, overexertion during exercise, is less likely to cause DKA compared to an infection.
3. When assisting an older client who can stand but not ambulate from the bed to a chair, what is the best action for the nurse to implement?
- A. Use a mechanical lift to transfer the client from the bed to a chair.
- B. Place a roller board under the client who is sitting on the side of the bed and slide the client to the chair.
- C. Lift the client out of bed to the chair with another staff member using a coordinated effort on the count of three.
- D. Place a transfer belt around the client, assist the client to stand, and pivot to a chair that is placed at a right angle to the bed.
Correct answer: D
Rationale: The best action for the nurse when assisting an older client who can stand but not ambulate from the bed to a chair is to use a transfer belt. Placing a transfer belt around the client, assisting the client to stand, and pivoting to a chair that is placed at a right angle to the bed allows for a safe and controlled transfer. This method promotes patient independence while ensuring safety during the transfer process. Choices A, B, and C are incorrect because using a mechanical lift may not be necessary for a client who can stand, using a roller board may not provide enough stability, and lifting the client with the help of another staff member may not be the safest option for the client's independence and safety.
4. A client with diabetes mellitus is scheduled for surgery. The nurse should prioritize which of the following preoperative actions?
- A. Administer a full dose of insulin before surgery
- B. Hold all oral hypoglycemic agents the day before surgery
- C. Monitor blood glucose levels closely before surgery
- D. Instruct the client to avoid all fluids the morning of surgery
Correct answer: C
Rationale: Monitoring blood glucose levels closely before surgery is the priority for a client with diabetes mellitus. This allows for early detection of any abnormalities and helps prevent hypo- or hyperglycemia complications that can arise during the perioperative period. Option A is incorrect because insulin dosing should be individualized based on the client's current blood glucose levels and the surgical plan. Option B is incorrect as abruptly holding oral hypoglycemic agents can lead to uncontrolled blood glucose levels. Option D is incorrect as adequate fluid intake is important for the client's hydration status and overall well-being before surgery.
5. One day after abdominal surgery, an obese client complains of pain and heaviness in the right calf. What action should the nurse implement?
- A. Observe for unilateral swelling
- B. Administer pain medication
- C. Elevate the leg and apply a warm compress
- D. Notify the healthcare provider
Correct answer: A
Rationale: The correct action for the nurse to implement is to observe for unilateral swelling. Unilateral swelling could indicate a deep vein thrombosis (DVT), which is a serious complication that requires immediate assessment. Administering pain medication or applying warm compress may not address the underlying cause of the symptoms. Notifying the healthcare provider should be done after assessing and identifying the issue of unilateral swelling.