ATI LPN
Pharmacology for LPN
1. The client is reinforcing instructions for a low-sodium diet. Which statement by the client indicates a need for further teaching?
- A. I will avoid adding salt to my food while cooking.
- B. I will use salt substitutes instead of regular salt.
- C. I can eat as much processed food as I like since it's usually low in sodium.
- D. I will read food labels to check for sodium content.
Correct answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C. Processed foods often contain high amounts of sodium, so they should be limited or avoided on a low-sodium diet. Choosing processed foods can lead to increased sodium intake, counteracting the purpose of following a low-sodium diet. Option A shows an understanding of avoiding added salt, Option B suggests using alternatives to regular salt, and Option D indicates a willingness to check food labels for sodium content, all of which are appropriate for a low-sodium diet. Therefore, the client's statement about eating processed foods freely is incorrect and requires further teaching.
2. What are the signs of hypoglycemia, and how should they be managed?
- A. Sweating, trembling; administer glucose
- B. Headache, confusion; administer insulin
- C. Dizziness, fatigue; administer glucose
- D. Increased heart rate; provide a high-sugar snack
Correct answer: A
Rationale: The correct signs of hypoglycemia are sweating and trembling. These should be managed by administering glucose to raise blood sugar levels. Headache, confusion, dizziness, fatigue, or increased heart rate are not typical signs of hypoglycemia. Administering insulin in response to hypoglycemia would further lower blood sugar levels, exacerbating the condition.
3. Serwaa, a 26-year-old mother has brought her daughter to the OPD with signs of lower respiratory tract infections. The following are the diagnoses that can be given to the daughter except:
- A. Pneumonia
- B. Asthma
- C. Bronchiolitis
- D. Coryza
Correct answer: D
Rationale: Coryza, also known as the common cold, primarily affects the upper respiratory tract and is not typically associated with lower respiratory tract infections. Pneumonia, asthma, and bronchiolitis are conditions that can manifest as lower respiratory tract infections.
4. A nurse is caring for an older adult client who has a new prescription for amitriptyline to treat depression. Which of the following diagnostic tests should the nurse plan to perform prior to starting the client on this medication?
- A. Hearing examination
- B. Glucose tolerance test
- C. Electrocardiogram
- D. Pulmonary function tests
Correct answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Electrocardiogram. Amitriptyline can cause cardiac arrhythmias, so an electrocardiogram is necessary before starting treatment. A hearing examination (choice A) is not required before initiating amitriptyline. A glucose tolerance test (choice B) is not indicated for starting this medication. Pulmonary function tests (choice D) are not necessary before initiating amitriptyline for depression.
5. When a patient is diagnosed with major depressive disorder, which nursing diagnosis should be the priority?
- A. Imbalanced nutrition: less than body requirements
- B. Risk for suicide
- C. Disturbed sleep pattern
- D. Ineffective coping
Correct answer: B
Rationale: The priority nursing diagnosis for a patient diagnosed with major depressive disorder is 'Risk for suicide.' This is the priority as it addresses the immediate risk of self-harm in individuals suffering from major depressive disorder. Monitoring and intervening to prevent self-harm take precedence over other nursing diagnoses in this scenario.
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