ATI LPN
LPN Pharmacology Practice Questions
1. The client is receiving heparin therapy for deep vein thrombosis (DVT). Which lab test should be monitored to evaluate the effectiveness of heparin?
- A. Prothrombin time (PT)
- B. International normalized ratio (INR)
- C. Activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT)
- D. Fibrinogen levels
Correct answer: C
Rationale: Activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT) is the appropriate lab test to monitor the therapeutic effectiveness of heparin therapy. Heparin affects the intrinsic pathway of the coagulation cascade, and monitoring aPTT helps ensure the client is within the therapeutic range to prevent clot formation. Prothrombin time (PT) and International normalized ratio (INR) are used to monitor warfarin therapy, a different anticoagulant that affects the extrinsic pathway of the coagulation cascade. Fibrinogen levels are not specific to monitoring heparin therapy.
2. A client with hyperkalemia is being taught about dietary management. Which of the following statements by the client indicates an understanding of the teaching?
- A. I should increase my intake of potassium-rich foods.
- B. I should decrease my intake of potassium-rich foods.
- C. I should increase my intake of sodium-rich foods.
- D. I should decrease my intake of sodium-rich foods.
Correct answer: B
Rationale: Correct! Hyperkalemia is a condition characterized by high levels of potassium in the blood. To manage hyperkalemia, it is essential to decrease the intake of potassium-rich foods since excess potassium can worsen the condition. By understanding the need to decrease potassium-rich foods, the client shows comprehension of the dietary management required for hyperkalemia. Choice A is incorrect because increasing potassium-rich foods would exacerbate hyperkalemia. Choice C is incorrect since increasing sodium-rich foods is unrelated to managing hyperkalemia and could potentially lead to other health issues. Choice D is incorrect as decreasing sodium-rich foods is not the primary focus when managing hyperkalemia.
3. A nurse is preparing to administer a measles, mumps, and rubella (MMR) vaccine to an adult client. Which of the following is a contraindication to this vaccine?
- A. The possibility of pregnancy within 4 weeks
- B. Client allergy to strawberry
- C. Client history of genital herpes
- D. The possibility of overseas travel in the next month
Correct answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A. The MMR vaccine is contraindicated in pregnant women due to the risk of fetal harm. It is recommended that women avoid becoming pregnant for at least 4 weeks after receiving the vaccine. Choice B, client allergy to strawberry, is not a contraindication for the MMR vaccine. Choice C, client history of genital herpes, is not a contraindication for the MMR vaccine. Choice D, the possibility of overseas travel in the next month, is not a contraindication for the MMR vaccine.
4. A nurse is caring for a client prescribed levetiracetam. Which of the following should the nurse monitor?
- A. Liver function
- B. Blood glucose levels
- C. Serum creatinine
- D. Blood pressure
Correct answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Serum creatinine. Levetiracetam requires monitoring of renal function, specifically serum creatinine levels, as it is primarily eliminated by the kidneys. Monitoring liver function (Choice A) is not necessary for levetiracetam. Blood glucose levels (Choice B) are typically not affected by levetiracetam. While monitoring blood pressure (Choice D) is important in general patient care, it is not specifically required for clients prescribed levetiracetam.
5. A client has a new prescription for digoxin. Which of the following instructions should the nurse include during discharge teaching?
- A. Take the medication with food.
- B. Monitor heart rate daily.
- C. Avoid consuming grapefruit juice.
- D. Increase intake of potassium-rich foods.
Correct answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: 'Monitor heart rate daily.' When a client is prescribed digoxin, it is essential to monitor heart rate daily because digoxin can cause bradycardia, a condition characterized by a slow heart rate. Monitoring the heart rate regularly allows the client to promptly identify any signs of bradycardia and seek medical attention if needed. Choices A, C, and D are incorrect because taking digoxin with food, avoiding grapefruit juice, and increasing potassium-rich foods are not specific instructions related to managing the side effects or monitoring parameters of digoxin therapy.
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