Nursing Elites

1. Tertiary prevention is needed in which stage of the natural history of disease?

• A. Pre-pathogenesis
• B. Pathogenesis
• C. Predromal
• D. Terminal

Correct answer: D

Rationale: Tertiary prevention focuses on actions taken to prevent complications and further deterioration among individuals already diagnosed with a disease. It is implemented during the terminal stage of a disease when efforts are made to prevent disability, restore function, and improve quality of life. This stage is crucial for managing the disease's progression and enhancing the patient's well-being.

2. Which of the following practices is part of the Baby-Friendly Hospital Initiative (BFHI)?

• A. Promoting the use of infant formula
• B. Encouraging skin-to-skin contact after birth
• C. Separating mother and baby after delivery
• D. Scheduling feedings at fixed intervals

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is encouraging skin-to-skin contact after birth. The Baby-Friendly Hospital Initiative (BFHI) aims to promote breastfeeding and bonding by encouraging practices such as immediate skin-to-skin contact between mother and baby, rooming-in, and supporting exclusive breastfeeding. These practices have been shown to have numerous benefits for both the mother and the baby in terms of bonding, breastfeeding success, and overall health outcomes.

3. What is the recommended duration for exclusive breastfeeding according to the World Health Organization (WHO)?

• A. 3 months
• B. 6 months
• C. 9 months
• D. 12 months

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The World Health Organization (WHO) recommends exclusive breastfeeding for the first 6 months of life. This means that infants should be fed only breast milk (no other liquids or solids) during this period to ensure optimal growth, development, and health benefits.

4. Which of the following is a benefit of exclusive breastfeeding?

• A. Reduces the risk of postpartum depression
• B. Increases the baby's risk of developing allergies
• C. Provides complete nutrition for the first 6 months
• D. Delays the return of menstrual periods

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C. Exclusive breastfeeding provides complete nutrition for the first 6 months of an infant's life. It is recommended by health experts as the ideal way to provide infants with the nutrients they need for healthy growth and development. Breast milk contains all the necessary nutrients in the right proportions, making it the perfect food for babies during the first half-year of life.

5. What is an advantage of conducting a home visit?

• A. It enables the nurse to provide nursing care to a greater number of people
• B. It provides an opportunity to conduct a firsthand appraisal of the home situation
• C. It allows sharing of experiences among people with similar health problems
• D. It fosters the family’s initiative in providing for the health needs of its members

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Conducting a home visit provides an opportunity to conduct a firsthand appraisal of the home situation. This allows healthcare professionals to observe the living conditions, identify potential health hazards, and tailor care plans to the individual's environment. It helps in gaining a better understanding of the patient's lifestyle, social support, and resources available at home, leading to more personalized and effective care.

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