Nursing Elites

1. In Primary Health care, the concept of accessibility requires that:

• A. Patients should be required to accept one service in order to gain access to another type of service.
• B. A referral network, including transportation, to higher-level facilities should be coupled to PHC services.
• C. Patients' access to services should be contingent on social or cultural backgrounds, age, and marital status.
• D. Patients' access to services should be based on one's educational status.

Correct answer: B

Rationale: In Primary Health care, accessibility entails having a referral network and transportation system in place to link patients to higher-level facilities when needed. Choice A is incorrect because patients should not be required to accept one service to access another. Choice C is incorrect as access to services should not be contingent on social or cultural backgrounds, age, or marital status. Choice D is also incorrect because educational status should not determine patients' access to healthcare services.

2. In which part of the fallopian tube is tubal abortion most common?

• A. Ampullary portion
• B. Isthmus
• C. Interstitial portion
• D. Infundibulum

Correct answer: C

Rationale: Tubal abortion is most common when the ovum implants in the interstitial portion of the fallopian tube. This location is the narrowest part of the tube, making it more prone to obstruction or difficulty in the passage of the fertilized ovum. Choices A, B, and D are incorrect because tubal abortion is more likely to occur in the interstitial portion rather than the ampullary portion, isthmus, or infundibulum of the fallopian tube.

3. Complete abortion is characterized by:

• A. Os closed.
• B. Firm contracted uterus.
• C. Heavy bleeding.
• D. Heavy cramping.

Correct answer: A

Rationale: Complete abortion is characterized by a firm contracted uterus with a closed os. This closure of the os indicates that the products of conception have been completely expelled from the uterus. Choices B, C, and D are incorrect because a firm contracted uterus with a closed os is the hallmark sign of a complete abortion, not heavy bleeding, heavy cramping, or any other features.

4. A diet rich in _______ controls menopause symptoms:

• A. Carbohydrates
• B. Soya items
• C. Fruits and veggies
• D. Eggs and meat

Correct answer: B

Rationale: A diet rich in soya items can help control menopause symptoms. Soya contains phytoestrogens, which are plant-based compounds that mimic the hormone estrogen in the body. These compounds may help alleviate menopause symptoms such as hot flashes and night sweats. Choice A, Carbohydrates, do not specifically target menopause symptoms. Choice C, Fruits and veggies, while generally healthy, do not have the same impact on menopause symptoms as soya. Choice D, Eggs and meat, do not contain phytoestrogens like soya, making them less effective in managing menopause symptoms.

5. The upper folds of the labia minora surround the clitoris and unite to form the:

• A. Frenulum
• B. Prepuce
• C. Fourchette
• D. Vestibule

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Prepuce. The upper folds of the labia minora surround the clitoris and unite to form the prepuce, which is a hood-like structure protecting the clitoris. The frenulum (choice A) is a small fold of tissue under the tongue or upper lip, not related to the female genitalia. The fourchette (choice C) refers to the area where the labia minora meet at the posterior end of the vulva, not involving the clitoris. The vestibule (choice D) is the space between the labia minora containing the vaginal and urethral openings, not directly formed by the upper folds of the labia minora.

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