Nursing Elites

1. Discuss the anatomical/physiological changes in pregnancy under the following: Kidney/renal system

• A. Kidneys increase in size, pelvis dilates, ureters elongate and dilate, and the glomerular filtration rate increases.
• B. Kidneys decrease in size, and glomerular filtration rate decreases.
• C. There is no change in kidney size or ureter function, but the glomerular filtration rate decreases.
• D. Kidneys shrink, and ureters remain the same.

Correct answer: A

Rationale: During pregnancy, the kidneys increase in size, the pelvis dilates, ureters elongate and dilate, and the glomerular filtration rate increases. This is due to the increased metabolic demands and hormonal changes during pregnancy. Choice B is incorrect as the kidneys do not decrease in size, and the glomerular filtration rate actually increases. Choice C is incorrect as there are changes in kidney size and ureter function during pregnancy. Choice D is incorrect as the kidneys do not shrink during pregnancy.

2. This is a way of grouping clients according to their reproductive needs during a counseling session, in order to meet each individual client's specific needs:

• A. Gather method
• B. Profiling
• C. Confidentiality
• D. One-to-one counseling

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Profiling is the correct answer. Profiling involves categorizing clients based on their reproductive needs during counseling to tailor the support to each client's unique requirements. Choice A, 'Gather method,' is not a recognized term in this context. Choice C, 'Confidentiality,' is important but does not relate directly to grouping clients based on reproductive needs. Choice D, 'One-to-one counseling,' refers to individual sessions and does not specifically address the grouping of clients based on their reproductive needs.

3. Amniocentesis deals with patterns of ______ in the amniotic fluid.

• A. Fingers
• B. DNA
• C. Chromosomes
• D. Proteins

Correct answer: C

Rationale: Amniocentesis is a prenatal test that involves examining chromosomes in the amniotic fluid to detect genetic abnormalities. Therefore, the correct answer is 'Chromosomes.' The other choices, such as 'Fingers,' 'DNA,' and 'Proteins,' do not accurately represent what is analyzed during an amniocentesis procedure and are unrelated to the genetic information obtained through this test.

4. Practices such as female genital mutilation and unsafe male circumcision are categorized as:

• A. Harmful traditional practices
• B. Encouraged in rural Zambia
• C. Recommended in modern surgery and IRH
• D. Safer sex practices

Correct answer: A

Rationale: Practices like female genital mutilation and unsafe male circumcision are considered harmful traditional practices due to the physical and psychological harm they cause. Choice A is correct as these practices are not safe or recommended. Choice B is incorrect, as harmful traditional practices are not encouraged anywhere. Choice C is incorrect as modern surgery and organizations like IRH aim to eliminate such practices, not recommend them. Choice D is incorrect as these practices are not related to safer sex practices but rather harmful practices that need to be eradicated.

5. Which one is not a barrier method for birth control?

• A. Diaphragms
• B. Cervical caps
• C. Vaults
• D. Intrauterine Devices (IUDs)

Correct answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D, Intrauterine Devices (IUDs). Barrier methods of birth control physically block sperm from reaching the egg. Diaphragms, cervical caps, and vaults are examples of barrier methods as they create a barrier that prevents sperm from reaching the cervix. In contrast, IUDs work by altering the cervical mucus and uterine lining, making it difficult for sperm to reach the egg, but they do not physically block sperm like barrier methods do.

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