Nursing Elites

1. Discuss the anatomical/physiological changes in pregnancy under the following: Kidney/renal system

• A. Kidneys increase in size, pelvis dilates, ureters elongate and dilate, and the glomerular filtration rate increases.
• B. Kidneys decrease in size, and glomerular filtration rate decreases.
• C. There is no change in kidney size or ureter function, but the glomerular filtration rate decreases.
• D. Kidneys shrink, and ureters remain the same.

Correct answer: A

Rationale: During pregnancy, the kidneys increase in size, the pelvis dilates, ureters elongate and dilate, and the glomerular filtration rate increases. This is due to the increased metabolic demands and hormonal changes during pregnancy. Choice B is incorrect as the kidneys do not decrease in size, and the glomerular filtration rate actually increases. Choice C is incorrect as there are changes in kidney size and ureter function during pregnancy. Choice D is incorrect as the kidneys do not shrink during pregnancy.

2. The Gravindex test is used to detect Human Chorionic Gonadotrophic hormone (HCG) in:

• A. Urine or whole blood
• B. Amniotic fluid
• C. Saliva
• D. Cervical mucus

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Urine or whole blood. The Gravindex test is designed to detect Human Chorionic Gonadotrophic hormone (HCG) in urine or whole blood samples. HCG is a hormone produced during pregnancy, and its presence in urine or blood can indicate pregnancy. Choices B, C, and D are incorrect as the Gravindex test is not intended to detect HCG in amniotic fluid, saliva, or cervical mucus. These bodily fluids are not typically used for pregnancy testing purposes.

3. Which policy was formally launched to target reducing population growth, making family planning services available, accessible, and affordable to all eligible users?

• A. The reproductive health policy
• B. The ministry of health policy
• C. Gender and health policy
• D. The national population policy

Correct answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D, the national population policy. This policy was specifically launched to address population growth by providing access to family planning services. Choices A, B, and C are incorrect because they do not directly focus on population control and family planning services, which are the primary objectives of the national population policy.

4. What is a cord inserted to the very edge of the placenta known as?

• A. Battledore insertion
• B. Placenta velamentosa
• C. Placenta accreta
• D. Vasa Praevia

Correct answer: A

Rationale: A cord inserted to the very edge of the placenta is known as battledore insertion. This occurs when the cord is attached to the fetal membranes at the placental margin rather than directly to the placental tissue. Placenta velamentosa refers to the condition where the umbilical cord inserts into the fetal membranes before it reaches the placenta. Placenta accreta is a condition where the placenta attaches too deeply into the uterine wall. Vasa Praevia is a condition where fetal blood vessels run across or near the internal cervical opening.

5. What is Diazepam used for?

• A. Management of post-partum hemorrhage.
• B. Management of pre-eclampsia.
• C. Induction of labor.
• D. Relieving anxiety.

Correct answer: D

Rationale: Diazepam is primarily used for relieving anxiety and muscle spasms. It is a benzodiazepine medication that works by enhancing the effects of a neurotransmitter in the brain to produce a calming effect. While Diazepam is not used for managing post-partum hemorrhage, pre-eclampsia, or inducing labor, it is essential in treating anxiety disorders, muscle spasms, and certain types of seizures. Therefore, option D is the correct answer as it aligns with the primary therapeutic use of Diazepam.

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