HESI RN
Pharmacology HESI
1. Cycloserine (Seromycin) is added to the medication regimen for a client with tuberculosis. Which of the following would the nurse include in the client-teaching plan regarding this medication?
- A. To take the medication after meals
- B. To return to the clinic weekly for serum drug-level testing
- C. To call the health care provider (HCP) if a skin rash occurs
- D. To restrict alcohol intake with this medication
Correct answer: B
Rationale: Cycloserine requires weekly serum drug level determinations to monitor for neurotoxicity. The medication must be taken after meals, and the client should avoid alcohol. Additionally, the client should report any signs of skin rash or central nervous system toxicity to the healthcare provider.
2. A client with gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) reports frequent heartburn. What dietary modification should the nurse recommend?
- A. Avoid eating large meals late at night.
- B. Eat a high-fat diet to buffer stomach acid.
- C. Reduce fluid intake to prevent acid reflux.
- D. Consume spicy foods to neutralize stomach acid.
Correct answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is to recommend avoiding eating large meals late at night. This dietary modification can help reduce the risk of acid reflux, which can exacerbate GERD symptoms. Consuming smaller, more frequent meals is generally recommended to minimize pressure on the lower esophageal sphincter. Choice B is incorrect because a high-fat diet can worsen GERD symptoms by delaying stomach emptying. Choice C is incorrect because reducing fluid intake can lead to dehydration and will not prevent acid reflux. Choice D is incorrect because spicy foods can actually trigger or worsen acid reflux symptoms in individuals with GERD.
3. Scientific management and human relations-based approach are two major theoretical management schools of thought. Which of the following best describes the scientific model of management?
- A. A nurse manager considers methods of motivating the staff to do their assigned tasks.
- B. A nurse manager commends staff for the work they do, reminding them of the importance of their work and the lives they have saved.
- C. A nurse manager analyzes the role of each staff member on the unit to determine ways to increase efficiency.
- D. A conflict between two staff nurses has impacted an entire unit. The unit manager meets with the nurses and entire staff to promote mutual understanding.
Correct answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C because scientific management focuses on improving efficiency through the analysis of tasks and work processes. Choice A is more aligned with a human relations-based approach, which emphasizes motivation and relationships. Choice B reflects recognition and morale boosting, which is also characteristic of the human relations approach. Choice D involves conflict resolution and promoting mutual understanding, which is related to the human relations approach rather than scientific management.
4. A client is admitted with diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA). Which laboratory result would the nurse expect to find in this client?
- A. pH level of 7.45
- B. Serum calcium of 15 mg/dL
- C. Blood glucose of 450 mg/dL
- D. Sodium level of 120 mEq/L
Correct answer: C
Rationale: Clients with diabetic ketoacidosis typically present with elevated blood glucose levels, often above 300 mg/dL. This high blood glucose level, along with other symptoms, helps confirm the diagnosis of DKA. A pH level of 7.45 would be indicative of alkalosis, not the acidosis seen in DKA. A serum calcium level of 15 mg/dL is significantly elevated and is not a typical finding in DKA. A sodium level of 120 mEq/L indicates hyponatremia, which is not a characteristic laboratory finding in DKA.
5. Which of the following correctly identifies the two types of cells?
- A. Mitosis and meiosis
- B. Mitochondrion and chloroplast
- C. Genotype and phenotype
- D. Prokaryotic and eukaryotic
Correct answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: Prokaryotic and eukaryotic. Cells are classified into two major types: prokaryotic, which lack a nucleus, and eukaryotic, which have a defined nucleus and other membrane-bound organelles. Choice A, mitosis and meiosis, refers to cell division processes. Choice B, mitochondrion and chloroplast, are cell organelles involved in energy production and photosynthesis, respectively. Choice C, genotype and phenotype, relate to genetic characteristics and physical traits, not cell types.