Nursing Elites

1. At 6-8 weeks of pregnancy, the breast changes include:

• A. Colostrum can be expressed.
• B. Breasts become tender.
• C. Montgomery's tubercles are prominent.
• D. Nipples become prominent and mobile.

Correct answer: C

Rationale: At 6-8 weeks of pregnancy, one of the changes in the breast includes the prominence of Montgomery's tubercles. These sebaceous glands around the nipple become more noticeable at this stage. Colostrum production usually occurs later in pregnancy, typically closer to the third trimester. While breast tenderness is a common symptom of early pregnancy, it is not specific to the 6-8 week timeframe. Nipples becoming more prominent and mobile may happen later in pregnancy as the body prepares for breastfeeding, but it is not a typical change seen specifically at 6-8 weeks.

2. Respect in reproductive health care involves:

• A. Talking to patients politely and managing their care compassionately and non-judgmentally.
• B. Ensuring that all patients sign a consent form.
• C. Ignoring patient requests for privacy.
• D. Disregarding patient concerns during care.

Correct answer: A

Rationale: Respect in reproductive health care entails treating patients with politeness, compassion, and without judgment. Choice A is the correct answer as it aligns with the principles of respect and patient-centered care. It is essential to communicate respectfully, show compassion, and address patients' needs without passing judgment. Choices B, C, and D are incorrect. Ensuring consent through a form is important but not the sole aspect of respect. Ignoring patient requests for privacy goes against patient rights, and disregarding patient concerns is contrary to providing comprehensive care.

3. Which of the following tests is positive in pelvic inflammatory disease?

• A. Cervical excitation test
• B. Chadwick sign
• C. Jacquiners sign
• D. Palmers sign

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Cervical excitation test. The cervical excitation test is positive in pelvic inflammatory disease. This test involves pain or tenderness upon movement of the cervix, indicating inflammation of the pelvic organs. Chadwick sign (choice B) refers to a bluish discoloration of the cervix, vagina, and labia due to increased vascularity and is not a test for PID. Jacquiners sign (choice C) and Palmers sign (choice D) are not recognized clinical signs or tests for PID, making them incorrect choices.

4. Which of the following is not a characteristic of an ideal contraceptive?

• A. Irreversible
• B. Easily available
• C. User-friendly
• D. Effective with least side effects

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: 'Irreversible.' An ideal contraceptive should not be irreversible because it should allow individuals to have the option to discontinue its use if desired. Choices B, C, and D are characteristics of an ideal contraceptive. Contraceptives should be easily available to ensure widespread accessibility, user-friendly to promote proper and consistent use, and effective with minimal side effects to maximize safety and tolerability.

5. What is the most common cause of abortion in Zambia?

• A. Tuberculosis
• B. HIV
• C. Ascariasis
• D. Malaria

Correct answer: D

Rationale: Malaria is the most common cause of abortion in Zambia due to its significant impact on maternal health. Malaria can lead to severe complications during pregnancy, increasing the risk of spontaneous abortion. Tuberculosis (Choice A), HIV (Choice B), and Ascariasis (Choice C) are serious health conditions, but they are not typically identified as the primary cause of abortion in Zambia as malaria.

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