Nursing Elites

1. At 34-40 weeks of pregnancy, the breast changes include:

• A. Nipples become prominent and mobile.
• B. Colostrum can be expressed.
• C. Breasts become tender.
• D. Montgomery's tubercles are prominent.

Correct answer: D

Rationale: During the 34-40 weeks of pregnancy, Montgomery's tubercles become prominent. These are sebaceous glands on the areola, not the nipples. Choice A is incorrect as it describes the changes in nipples, not Montgomery's tubercles. Choice B is incorrect as colostrum production usually starts around the 16th week. Choice C is incorrect as breast tenderness is more common in early pregnancy due to hormonal changes.

2. Which female reproductive organ is positioned directly posterior to the bladder?

• A. Uterine tube
• B. Vagina
• C. Uterus
• D. Ovaries

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is the uterus. The uterus is positioned directly posterior to the bladder in the female reproductive system. The uterine tube (choice A) is also known as the fallopian tube, which is not positioned directly posterior to the bladder. The vagina (choice B) is located below the uterus and not directly posterior to the bladder. The ovaries (choice D) are located on either side of the uterus, but they are not positioned directly posterior to the bladder.

3. At what age does the first menstrual period typically occur?

• A. 9 and 15 years
• B. 2 and 10 years
• C. 1 and 5 years
• D. 18 and 20 years

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The first menstrual period, known as menarche, typically occurs between the ages of 9 and 15 years. This marks the onset of puberty in females. Choices B, C, and D are incorrect because the first menstrual period does not occur as early as 2 years old, 1 year old, or as late as 18 to 20 years old.

4. The endometrium is shed up to the basal layer during this phase of the menstrual cycle:

• A. Ovulation
• B. Regenerative
• C. Secretory
• D. Menstruation

Correct answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D. During the menstrual phase of the menstrual cycle, the endometrium is shed up to the basal layer. This shedding occurs as a result of decreased levels of estrogen and progesterone, leading to the breakdown and subsequent shedding of the endometrial lining. Choice A, ovulation, is incorrect as ovulation is the release of an egg from the ovary, which occurs during the mid-cycle. Choice B, regenerative, is incorrect as it does not specifically refer to the phase where the shedding of the endometrium occurs. Choice C, secretory, is incorrect as it refers to the phase where the endometrium thickens in preparation for possible implantation of a fertilized egg, not shedding.

5. Which of the following Leopold maneuvers assesses the fetal lie?

• A. Fundal grip
• B. Umbilical grip
• C. Pawlick grip
• D. Pelvic grip

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Fundal grip. Fundal grip is a specific Leopold maneuver used to assess the fetal lie by palpating the upper abdomen to determine the position of the baby's back and presenting part. This maneuver helps healthcare providers understand the orientation of the fetus within the uterus. Choice B, Umbilical grip, is not a recognized Leopold maneuver and does not assess fetal lie. Choice C, Pawlick grip, and choice D, Pelvic grip, are also not part of the standard Leopold maneuvers used to determine fetal lie.

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