Nursing Elites

1. Appropriate Technologies and Skills involve:

• A. Selecting technologies according to universal standards.
• B. Ensuring a doctor is present at the service-providing facility.
• C. Requiring that health care providers are nurses.
• D. Selecting technologies that are easy to use but not necessarily effective.

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: 'Selecting technologies according to universal standards.' Appropriate technologies and skills involve choosing tools and methods based on universal standards to ensure effectiveness and efficiency. Choice B is incorrect because the presence of a doctor is not necessarily a defining factor for appropriate technologies and skills. Choice C is incorrect as appropriate technologies are not limited to being utilized only by nurses. Choice D is incorrect as the focus should be on selecting technologies that are both easy to use and effective, not one or the other.

2. Which of the following are layers of endometrium in pregnancy EXCEPT?

• A. Decidua compacta
• B. Decidua spongiosum
• C. Decidua functionalis
• D. Decidua basalis

Correct answer: C

Rationale: During pregnancy, the layers of endometrium include decidua compacta, decidua spongiosum, and decidua basalis. Decidua functionalis is the layer that sheds during menstruation and regenerates each cycle, not a layer of the endometrium during pregnancy. Therefore, choice C is the correct answer. Decidua compacta is the layer closest to the conceptus, decidua spongiosum is the middle layer, and decidua basalis is the layer adjacent to the myometrium.

3. Risk of endometrial hyperplasia is greatest in individuals who do not menstruate for at least _____ months and require immediate referral:

• A. 2 months
• B. 3 months
• C. 4 months
• D. 5 months

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: '4 months.' The risk of endometrial hyperplasia is highest in individuals who do not menstruate for at least 4 months. This prolonged exposure to unopposed estrogen can lead to endometrial hyperplasia. Choices A, B, and D are incorrect because the risk is greatest after at least 4 months of not menstruating, not 2, 3, or 5 months.

4. Which of the following hormones promotes endometrial growth?

• A. LH
• B. FSH
• C. Estrogen
• D. Progesterone

Correct answer: C

Rationale: Estrogen is the hormone responsible for promoting endometrial growth. Estrogen helps thicken the endometrium during the menstrual cycle in preparation for implantation. LH (Choice A) and FSH (Choice B) are involved in regulating the menstrual cycle but do not directly promote endometrial growth. Progesterone (Choice D) is important for maintaining the endometrium after ovulation but is not the primary hormone responsible for promoting its growth.

5. Which of the following is the most effective method of contraception?

• A. Barrier methods
• B. Hormonal pills
• C. Intrauterine devices (IUDs)
• D. Sterilization

Correct answer: D

Rationale: Sterilization is considered the most effective method of contraception because it permanently prevents pregnancy. Barrier methods, hormonal pills, and IUDs are highly effective as well, but they are reversible methods and may have a higher failure rate compared to sterilization.

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