HESI RN TEST BANK
HESI Community Health
During a health assessment for a family with a history of cardiovascular disease, which family member should be prioritized for further evaluation and intervention?
A. a 45-year-old father who smokes and has high cholesterol
B. a 17-year-old daughter who is overweight and inactive
C. a 50-year-old mother with a history of hypertension
D. a 12-year-old son who has a normal weight and is active
Correct Answer:
Rationale: The 45-year-old father who smokes and has high cholesterol should be prioritized for further evaluation and intervention. He has multiple risk factors for cardiovascular disease, including smoking and high cholesterol, which significantly increase his risk. Addressing these modifiable risk factors is crucial in preventing cardiovascular events. The daughter (Choice B) and mother (Choice C) also have risk factors, but the father's combination of smoking and high cholesterol places him at higher immediate risk, demanding priority intervention. The 12-year-old son (Choice D) with a normal weight and an active lifestyle has a lower risk profile and does not require immediate intervention compared to the father.
A client with a history of coronary artery disease is admitted with chest pain. Which finding requires immediate intervention?
- A. Heart rate of 90 beats per minute.
- B. Blood pressure of 130/80 mm Hg.
- C. Respiratory rate of 20 breaths per minute.
- D. Chest pain radiating to the left arm.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D. Chest pain radiating to the left arm can be a sign of myocardial infarction (heart attack) and requires immediate intervention. This symptom is known as a classic presentation of a heart attack and warrants urgent medical attention to prevent further cardiac damage. Choices A, B, and C are not directly indicative of an acute cardiac event and may not require immediate intervention in this scenario. While heart rate, blood pressure, and respiratory rate are important vital signs to monitor, they do not specifically indicate the urgency associated with chest pain radiating to the left arm in a patient with a history of coronary artery disease.
The healthcare professional is developing a safety program for older adults at a senior center. Which topic should the professional prioritize?
- A. medication management
- B. fall prevention
- C. fire safety
- D. emergency preparedness
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Fall prevention should be prioritized for older adults as falls are a significant cause of injury and hospitalization in this population. Addressing fall prevention measures can help reduce the risk of falls and improve the overall safety and well-being of older adults. Medication management, fire safety, and emergency preparedness are also important topics, but fall prevention takes precedence due to its direct impact on the health and safety of older adults.
Which client has the highest risk for devel oping community-acquired pneumonia?
- A. a 40-year ol d fi rst-grade teacher w ho works w ith underprivileged children
- B. a 75-year ol d reti red secretary w ith exercise-induced w heezing
- C. a 60-year ol d homeless person who i s an alcoholic and smokes
- D. a 35-year old aerobics instructor who skips meals and eats only vegetables -
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: This client is at high risk due to multiple factors, including homelessness, substance abuse, and smoking, which contribute to a higher risk of pneumonia.
A client with asthma receives a prescription for high blood pressure during a clinic visit. Which prescription should the nurse anticipate the client to receive that is at least likely to exacerbate asthma?
- A. Pindolol (Visken)
- B. Carteolol (Ocupress)
- C. Metoprolol tartrate (Lopressor)
- D. Propranolol hydrochloride (Inderal)
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The best antihypertensive agent for clients with asthma is metoprolol (Lopressor), a beta2 blocking agent which is also cardioselective and less likely to cause bronchoconstriction.