HESI RN
Leadership HESI
1. A client with type 2 DM is being treated with metformin (Glucophage). The nurse should include which instruction when teaching the client about this medication?
- A. Take the medication with meals.
- B. Take the medication on an empty stomach.
- C. Take the medication before bedtime.
- D. Avoid taking the medication if you miss a meal.
Correct answer: A
Rationale: The correct instruction for a client taking metformin (Glucophage) is to take the medication with meals. This helps reduce gastrointestinal side effects and improves absorption. Choice B is incorrect because taking metformin on an empty stomach can increase the risk of side effects. Choice C is incorrect as there is no specific recommendation to take metformin before bedtime. Choice D is incorrect as missing a meal should not lead to avoiding the medication, but the client should take it with the next meal as prescribed.
2. The nurse is preparing to administer NPH insulin to a client. The nurse should administer the insulin at which site for the best absorption?
- A. The deltoid muscle
- B. The anterior thigh
- C. The abdomen
- D. The gluteal muscle
Correct answer: C
Rationale: The abdomen is the preferred site for insulin injection due to its consistent absorption rate. Insulin injected into the abdomen is absorbed more consistently and predictably than in other sites. The deltoid muscle and the anterior thigh are not recommended for insulin injections due to inconsistent absorption rates. The gluteal muscle is avoided for insulin injections due to the risk of hitting the sciatic nerve or causing discomfort to the client.
3. Which of the following statements is true regarding ethical principles and laws?
- A. The government enforces ethics.
- B. Laws establish standards that aid in decision-making.
- C. Ethics are highly specific.
- D. Ethical principles can serve as the foundation for laws.
Correct answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D. Ethical principles can influence the creation of laws but are not equivalent to laws themselves. Laws are established by governing bodies to provide a framework for society, whereas ethical principles guide individuals' moral conduct. Choice A is incorrect because governments enforce laws, not ethics. Choice B is incorrect as laws set legal standards rather than ethical ones. Choice C is incorrect because ethics are principles that guide behavior but are not necessarily highly specific.
4. A client with type 1 DM is experiencing hypoglycemia. Which symptom should the nurse expect to observe?
- A. Tachycardia
- B. Polyuria
- C. Flushed skin
- D. Dry mouth
Correct answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Tachycardia. In hypoglycemia, the body releases adrenaline in response to low blood glucose levels, leading to symptoms such as tachycardia (rapid heart rate). Choice B, polyuria, refers to excessive urination and is not a typical symptom of hypoglycemia. Choice C, flushed skin, is not a common symptom of hypoglycemia; instead, pale skin and sweating are more characteristic. Choice D, dry mouth, is not directly associated with hypoglycemia; rather, it can be a symptom of hyperglycemia or dehydration.
5. Which of the following is an interpersonal activity of nurse managers, but not necessarily all nurse leaders?
- A. Coaching
- B. Resource allocation
- C. Planning for the future
- D. Monitoring
Correct answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Coaching. Nurse managers are directly involved in coaching their team members, providing guidance, support, and mentorship. This is a key interpersonal activity that focuses on developing the skills and performance of individual team members. While nurse leaders may also engage in coaching activities, it is a more specific and hands-on role for nurse managers. Choice B, resource allocation, is a managerial function that involves distributing resources effectively and efficiently. Choice C, planning for the future, is a strategic activity that involves setting goals and directions for the organization. Choice D, monitoring, is a supervisory task that involves overseeing and evaluating processes and outcomes. These activities are important for nurse leaders as well as nurse managers, but coaching is a more direct interpersonal interaction typically associated with nurse managers.
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