HESI RN
HESI RN Exit Exam Capstone
1. A client scheduled for a bronchoscopy in the morning is anxious and asking the nurse numerous questions about the procedure. Which intervention has the highest priority in preparing the client for the procedure?
- A. Provide detailed education about the procedure
- B. Administer prescribed anti-anxiety medication
- C. Instruct client to write down the questions
- D. Reassure the client about the safety of the procedure
Correct answer: C
Rationale: Encouraging the client to write down questions is the highest priority as it allows the nurse to address concerns systematically, reducing anxiety. This approach empowers the client and ensures that all concerns are covered before the procedure, reducing the risk of miscommunication or unaddressed fears. Providing detailed education about the procedure (choice A) is important but may not address the client's immediate anxiety. Administering anti-anxiety medication (choice B) should only be done if other interventions are ineffective or if prescribed by the healthcare provider. Reassuring the client about the safety of the procedure (choice D) is essential but may not address the specific questions and concerns causing anxiety.
2. A client wants to increase her daily intake of omega-3 fatty acids. Which of the following foods should the nurse suggest the client increase?
- A. Blueberries
- B. Soybean oil
- C. Citrus fruits
- D. Green tea
Correct answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Soybean oil. Soybean oil is a good source of omega-3 fatty acids, which are beneficial for heart health. Blueberries (choice A), citrus fruits (choice C), and green tea (choice D) are not significant sources of omega-3 fatty acids. Blueberries are rich in antioxidants, citrus fruits provide vitamin C, and green tea contains polyphenols, but they do not offer a substantial amount of omega-3 fatty acids compared to soybean oil.
3. What is the most important factor in ensuring accessibility in reproductive health services?
- A. Ensuring that primary health care (PHC) services are available within a reasonable distance.
- B. Requiring patients to access multiple services to get the care they need.
- C. Providing reproductive health services only to those who can afford it.
- D. Providing health services only in urban areas.
Correct answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Ensuring that primary health care (PHC) services are available within a reasonable distance. Accessibility in reproductive health services is crucial for ensuring that individuals can easily access the care they need. Option B is incorrect because requiring patients to access multiple services can create barriers to care. Option C is incorrect as accessibility should not be limited based on financial means. Option D is incorrect because healthcare services should be available in both urban and rural areas to reach a wider population.
4. A client who underwent surgery and experienced significant blood loss is being cared for by a nurse. Which findings by the nurse should prompt immediate action to prevent acute kidney injury? (Select all that apply.)
- A. Urine output of 100 mL in 4 hours
- B. Large amount of sediment in the urine
- C. A & B
- D. Amber, odorless urine
Correct answer: C
Rationale: The nurse must monitor for signs of acute kidney injury in a postoperative client who had major blood loss. Low urine output, presence of sediment in the urine, and low blood pressure should raise concerns and be reported to the healthcare provider promptly. Postoperatively, assessing urine characteristics is crucial. Sediment, hematuria, and urine output less than 0.5 mL/kg/hour for 3 to 4 hours should be reported. While a urine output of 100 mL in 4 hours is low, it should be compared to the recommended 0.5 mL/kg/hour over a longer period. Perfusion to the kidneys is a priority, hence the importance of addressing low blood pressure. Amber, odorless urine is considered normal and does not indicate an immediate concern for acute kidney injury, unlike low urine output and presence of sediment.
5. Binary fission is a type of asexual reproduction. Which of the following occurs during the binary fission process?
- A. The chromosomes bind to the plasma membrane
- B. The chromosomes attach to the spindle formed along the axis
- C. The chromosomes gather in the center of the cell
- D. The chromosomes begin to separate
Correct answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A. In binary fission, the chromosomes bind to the plasma membrane before the cell splits into two. This initial step ensures that each daughter cell receives a complete set of genetic material. Choice B is incorrect because the spindle apparatus is characteristic of eukaryotic cell division (mitosis), not prokaryotic binary fission. Choice C is incorrect as chromosomes do not necessarily gather in the center of the cell during binary fission. Choice D is incorrect because the chromosomes do not begin to separate in binary fission; they replicate and then move to opposite ends of the cell before division.