HESI RN
HESI Nutrition Practice Exam
1. A client has an indwelling catheter with continuous bladder irrigation after undergoing a transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP) 12 hours ago. Which finding at this time should be reported to the health care provider?
- A. Light pink urine
- B. Occasional suprapubic cramping
- C. Minimal drainage into the urinary collection bag
- D. Complaints of the feeling of pulling on the urinary catheter
Correct answer: C
Rationale: In a client with an indwelling catheter and continuous bladder irrigation post TURP, minimal drainage into the urinary collection bag should be reported to the health care provider. This finding could indicate a blockage in the catheter or a complication that requires immediate attention. Light pink urine (choice A) is expected due to bladder irrigation. Occasional suprapubic cramping (choice B) is common post-TURP. Complaints of the feeling of pulling on the urinary catheter (choice D) may indicate discomfort but do not suggest an urgent issue like a potential blockage.
2. How should the caregiver instruct on caring for a 4-month-old with seborrheic dermatitis (cradle cap) when shampooing the child's hair?
- A. Use a soft brush and gently scrub the area.
- B. Avoid scrubbing the scalp until the scales disappear.
- C. Avoid washing the child's hair more than once a week.
- D. Use soap and water and avoid shampoos.
Correct answer: A
Rationale: When dealing with seborrheic dermatitis (cradle cap) in infants, it is essential to use a soft brush and gently scrub the affected area to help remove the scales. This process can aid in managing the condition and preventing further build-up. It is important to be gentle to avoid irritating the baby's delicate skin. Choice B is incorrect as gentle scrubbing with a soft brush can help in the removal of scales. Choice C is incorrect because regular but gentle washing is recommended to manage cradle cap. Choice D is incorrect as using specialized shampoos designed for cradle cap is usually recommended over soap and water.
3. A client is experiencing shortness of breath and wheezing. What is the nurse's first action?
- A. Administer bronchodilator medication
- B. Check the client's oxygen saturation
- C. Encourage the client to use pursed-lip breathing
- D. Elevate the head of the bed
Correct answer: A
Rationale: Administering a bronchodilator is the priority intervention to open the airways and relieve wheezing and shortness of breath. Bronchodilators work quickly to dilate the airways, making it easier for the client to breathe. Checking oxygen saturation is important but can be done after initiating bronchodilator therapy. Encouraging pursed-lip breathing and elevating the head of the bed can help improve breathing patterns but should follow the administration of the bronchodilator.
4. A client scheduled for a bronchoscopy in the morning is anxious and asking the nurse numerous questions about the procedure. Which intervention has the highest priority in preparing the client for the procedure?
- A. Provide detailed education about the procedure
- B. Administer prescribed anti-anxiety medication
- C. Instruct client to write down the questions
- D. Reassure the client about the safety of the procedure
Correct answer: C
Rationale: Encouraging the client to write down questions is the highest priority as it allows the nurse to address concerns systematically, reducing anxiety. This approach empowers the client and ensures that all concerns are covered before the procedure, reducing the risk of miscommunication or unaddressed fears. Providing detailed education about the procedure (choice A) is important but may not address the client's immediate anxiety. Administering anti-anxiety medication (choice B) should only be done if other interventions are ineffective or if prescribed by the healthcare provider. Reassuring the client about the safety of the procedure (choice D) is essential but may not address the specific questions and concerns causing anxiety.
5. A mother reports to the nurse at the pediatric clinic that her toddler has had a fever and sore throat for the past two days. The nurse observes several swollen red spots on the child's body, some of which are fluid-filled blisters. What action should the nurse take?
- A. Obtain a fluid culture from the blisters
- B. Administer a fever-reducing medication
- C. Cover the draining vesicles with a dressing
- D. Implement transmission precautions
Correct answer: D
Rationale: The presence of swollen red spots and fluid-filled blisters may indicate a contagious condition. Implementing transmission precautions is crucial to prevent the spread of the infection to others in the clinic setting.