Nursing Elites

1. What is the recommended duration of exclusive breastfeeding?

• A. 3 months
• B. 6 months
• C. 9 months
• D. 12 months

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The World Health Organization recommends exclusive breastfeeding for the first 6 months of a child's life. During this time, breast milk provides all the necessary nutrients for the baby's growth and development, offering protection against infections and supporting optimal health outcomes. After 6 months, complementary foods can be introduced while continuing breastfeeding up to 2 years of age or beyond.

2. What is the primary aim of the Expanded Program on Immunization (EPI)?

• A. To eliminate non-communicable diseases
• B. To increase hospital bed capacity
• C. To provide immunizations to all children
• D. To train more healthcare workers

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The primary aim of the Expanded Program on Immunization (EPI) is to provide immunizations to all children. By offering vaccines to all children, the EPI aims to protect them from vaccine-preventable diseases, ultimately reducing the burden of these illnesses on public health. Increasing hospital bed capacity, eliminating non-communicable diseases, and training more healthcare workers are important goals in healthcare but are not the primary focus of the EPI.

3. Which of the following is a function of epidemiology?

• A. Identifying disease conditions based on manifestations presented by a client
• B. Determining factors that contributed to the occurrence of pneumonia in a 3-year-old
• C. Determining the efficacy of the antibiotic used in the treatment of the 3-year-old client with pneumonia
• D. Evaluating the effectiveness of the implementation of the Integrated Management of Childhood Illness

Correct answer: D

Rationale: The function of epidemiology includes evaluating the effectiveness of interventions, programs, or policies implemented to improve public health outcomes. In this context, epidemiology aids in assessing the impact and success of strategies like the Integrated Management of Childhood Illness in community health practice.

4. Freedom of choice is one of the policies of the Family Planning Program of the Philippines. Which of the following illustrates this principle?

• A. Information dissemination about the need for family planning
• B. Support for research and development in family planning methods
• C. Adequate information for couples regarding the different methods
• D. Encouragement for couples to take family planning as a joint responsibility

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The principle of freedom of choice in family planning programs emphasizes providing couples with adequate information about the different methods available. This enables them to make informed decisions based on their preferences and needs. By ensuring couples have access to comprehensive information, they can freely choose the family planning method that best suits their circumstances, promoting autonomy and informed decision-making.

5. Sputum examination is the major screening tool for pulmonary tuberculosis. Clients may sometimes receive false negative results in this exam. This means that the test is not perfect in terms of which characteristic of a diagnostic examination?

• A. Effectiveness
• B. Efficacy
• C. Specificity
• D. Sensitivity

Correct answer: D

Rationale: Sensitivity is the ability of a diagnostic test to correctly identify individuals with the disease. A test with high sensitivity will rarely give false negative results, as it will detect almost all positive cases. In the context of the given scenario, false negative results indicate that the test is lacking in sensitivity to pick up all cases of pulmonary tuberculosis, leading to some cases being missed.

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