Nursing Elites

1. Knowing that malnutrition is a common community health issue, you decided to conduct a nutritional assessment. What population is particularly vulnerable to protein-energy malnutrition (PEM)?

• A. Pregnant women and the elderly
• B. Under 5-year-old children
• C. 1-4-year-old children
• D. School-age children

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Under 5-year-old children are particularly susceptible to protein-energy malnutrition (PEM) because they have generally been weaned and often rely on others for food. This population may suffer from poor intrafamilial food distribution, contributing to their vulnerability.

2. In the census of the Philippines in 1995, there were about 35,299,000 males and about 34,968,000 females. What is the sex ratio?

• A. 99.06:100
• B. 100.94:100
• C. 50.23%
• D. 49.76%

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The sex ratio is calculated as the number of males for every 100 females in the population. To find the sex ratio, divide the number of males by the number of females and multiply by 100. In this case, (35,299,000 / 34,968,000) * 100 ≈ 100.94:100. Therefore, the correct answer is B, indicating that there were approximately 100.94 males for every 100 females in the Philippines in 1995.

3. Which vaccine is typically administered to newborns within the first 24 hours of birth?

• A. Hepatitis B
• B. BCG
• C. OPV
• D. Measles

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A, Hepatitis B. The Hepatitis B vaccine is usually administered to newborns within the first 24 hours of birth to provide protection against Hepatitis B infection. This early vaccination helps prevent transmission of the virus from infected mothers to their babies during childbirth, reducing the risk of chronic liver disease and liver cancer later in life.

4. Primary health care is a total approach to community development. Which of the following is an indicator of success in using the primary health care approach?

• A. Health services are provided free of charge to individuals and families
• B. Local officials are empowered as the major decision-makers in health matters
• C. Health workers can provide care based on identified health needs of the people
• D. Health programs are sustained according to the level of development of the community

Correct answer: D

Rationale: Success in utilizing the primary health care approach is indicated by the sustainability of health programs based on the community's development level. This ensures that essential health services can be maintained at all stages of community development, reflecting the core principles of primary health care.

5. Which statement is true of primary facilities?

• A. They are usually government-run.
• B. Their services are provided on an outpatient basis.
• C. They are training facilities for health professionals.
• D. A community hospital is an example of this level of health facility.

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Primary facilities are typically healthcare facilities that offer basic outpatient services to individuals. These services are often provided without the need for an overnight stay, distinguishing them from secondary or tertiary care facilities that offer more specialized and intensive care. Therefore, the correct statement about primary facilities is that their services are provided on an outpatient basis.

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