Nursing Elites

1. Which of the following practices can help reduce the transmission of HIV from mother to child?

• A. Exclusive breastfeeding
• B. Administering antiretroviral therapy
• C. Using unsterilized medical equipment
• D. Avoiding prenatal care

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Administering antiretroviral therapy to HIV-positive mothers is a crucial practice to reduce the risk of mother-to-child transmission of HIV. Antiretroviral therapy helps lower the viral load in the mother's body, decreasing the chance of passing the virus to the child during pregnancy, childbirth, or breastfeeding. Exclusive breastfeeding, using unsterilized medical equipment, and avoiding prenatal care do not directly contribute to reducing HIV transmission from mother to child.

2. In calculating the crude death rate of your municipality, with a total population of about 18,000 last year, there were 94 deaths. Among the deceased, 20 died due to heart diseases, and 32 were aged 50 years or older. What is the crude death rate?

• A. 4.1/1000
• B. 5.2/1000
• C. 6.3/1000
• D. 7.3/1000

Correct answer: B

Rationale: To calculate the crude death rate, divide the total number of deaths (94) by the total population (18,000) and then multiply by 1,000. This gives a crude death rate of 5.2 deaths per 1,000 population.

3. In the census of the Philippines in 1995, there were about 35,299,000 males and about 34,968,000 females. What is the sex ratio?

• A. 99.06:100
• B. 100.94:100
• C. 50.23%
• D. 49.76%

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The sex ratio is calculated as the number of males for every 100 females in the population. To find the sex ratio, divide the number of males by the number of females and multiply by 100. In this case, (35,299,000 / 34,968,000) * 100 ≈ 100.94:100. Therefore, the correct answer is B, indicating that there were approximately 100.94 males for every 100 females in the Philippines in 1995.

4. Which of the following is a contraindication for the administration of live vaccines?

• A. Mild upper respiratory infection
• B. Previous allergic reaction to the vaccine
• C. Current antibiotic therapy
• D. Family history of allergies

Correct answer: B

Rationale: A previous allergic reaction to the vaccine is a contraindication for the administration of live vaccines. This is because individuals who have had a previous allergic reaction to a vaccine are at higher risk of developing a severe allergic reaction with subsequent doses. It is crucial to identify and avoid administering live vaccines to individuals with a history of allergic reactions to prevent potential adverse events.

5. Which of the following is an epidemiologic function of the nurse during an epidemic?

• A. Conducting assessments of suspected cases to detect communicable diseases
• B. Monitoring the condition of cases affected by the communicable disease
• C. Participating in the investigation to determine the source of the epidemic
• D. Educating the community on preventive measures against the disease

Correct answer: C

Rationale: During an epidemic, nurses play a crucial role in participating in epidemiologic investigations to identify the source of the outbreak. By investigating the source of the epidemic, nurses can help in understanding what caused the outbreak and how it can be controlled and prevented in the future. This function is essential in managing and responding effectively to epidemics.

Similar Questions