Nursing Elites

1. To prevent symptoms of fatigue, dehydration, and energy loss, what is the daily recommended minimum intake of carbohydrates?

• A. 130 g.
• B. 230 g.
• C. 330 g.
• D. 430 g.

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: 130 g. The recommended minimum intake of carbohydrates to prevent fatigue, dehydration, and energy loss is 130 grams per day. Consuming an adequate amount of carbohydrates provides the body with energy and helps prevent symptoms associated with insufficient carbohydrate intake. Choices B, C, and D are incorrect as they suggest higher amounts of carbohydrate intake, which may not necessarily align with the recommended daily minimum intake for preventing symptoms of fatigue, dehydration, and energy loss.

2. What is the primary function of protein in the diet?

• A. supply energy.
• B. synthesize vitamins.
• C. build and repair tissue.
• D. store glycogen.

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The primary function of protein in the diet is to build and repair tissues. Proteins are essential for the growth, maintenance, and repair of body tissues like muscles, skin, and organs. While proteins can be a source of energy, their primary role is not to supply energy, making choice A incorrect. Choice B is also incorrect as proteins do not synthesize vitamins; rather, they are essential nutrients themselves. Choice D is inaccurate because glycogen is a form of stored glucose in the body, not a function of protein.

3. In an analysis of the amino acid composition of foods, the amino acid occurring in the smallest amount is called:

• A. indispensable.
• B. dispensable.
• C. complementary.
• D. limiting.

Correct answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D, 'limiting.' In the analysis of the amino acid composition of foods, the amino acid that occurs in the smallest amount is referred to as the limiting amino acid. This term is used because when one essential amino acid is deficient, it limits the synthesis of proteins, making it crucial in determining protein quality. Choices A, B, and C are incorrect. 'Indispensable' and 'dispensable' refer to the essentiality of amino acids, and 'complementary' does not describe the concept of the amino acid occurring in the smallest amount.

4. Two amino acids are chemically joined by a:

• A. double bond.
• B. hydrogen bond.
• C. carboxyl bond.
• D. peptide bond.

Correct answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D, peptide bond. A peptide bond is formed through a dehydration synthesis reaction between the amine group of one amino acid and the carboxyl group of another amino acid. This bond is crucial in protein synthesis. Choices A, B, and C are incorrect. A double bond involves sharing two pairs of electrons, a hydrogen bond is a weak attraction between a hydrogen atom and an electronegative atom, and a carboxyl bond is not a common term in biochemistry.

5. What is necessary for photosynthesis to occur along with carbon dioxide and water?

• A. Glucose.
• B. Nitrogen.
• C. Chlorophyll.
• D. Hydrogen.

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Chlorophyll. Chlorophyll is a pigment that is essential for photosynthesis as it absorbs light energy, allowing plants to convert carbon dioxide and water into glucose, a process crucial for plant growth. Glucose (choice A) is produced during photosynthesis and is not an ingredient necessary for the process itself. Nitrogen (choice B) is important for plant growth but is not a direct ingredient for photosynthesis. Hydrogen (choice D) is found in water, which is indeed one of the necessary ingredients for photosynthesis, but chlorophyll is specifically required to capture light energy for the process to occur.

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