ATI LPN
LPN Pharmacology Assessment A
1. The nurse is teaching a client with coronary artery disease (CAD) about the risk factors for the disease. Which modifiable risk factor should the nurse emphasize?
- A. Family history
- B. Age
- C. Cigarette smoking
- D. Gender
Correct answer: C
Rationale: Cigarette smoking is a modifiable risk factor for coronary artery disease (CAD) as it can be changed or controlled to reduce the risk of developing CAD. Family history, age, and gender are non-modifiable risk factors that cannot be changed. Emphasizing the importance of quitting smoking can help the client reduce their risk of CAD and improve their overall cardiovascular health. Therefore, the correct answer is C. Choice A (Family history), B (Age), and D (Gender) are non-modifiable risk factors and not the focus of modifiable risk reduction strategies in CAD prevention.
2. A client with coronary artery disease (CAD) is prescribed atorvastatin (Lipitor). Which laboratory value requires immediate intervention?
- A. Total cholesterol of 180 mg/dL.
- B. Low-density lipoprotein (LDL) of 200 mg/dL.
- C. Triglycerides of 150 mg/dL.
- D. High-density lipoprotein (HDL) of 40 mg/dL.
Correct answer: B
Rationale: An LDL level of 200 mg/dL is significantly elevated and requires immediate intervention to reduce the risk of cardiovascular events in a client with coronary artery disease (CAD). High LDL levels contribute to the development and progression of atherosclerosis, which can lead to complications like heart attacks and strokes. Lowering LDL levels is a key goal in managing CAD and preventing further cardiovascular damage. Total cholesterol of 180 mg/dL, triglycerides of 150 mg/dL, and HDL of 40 mg/dL are within acceptable ranges and do not pose an immediate risk that necessitates urgent intervention.
3. A nurse is teaching a client about the use of alendronate. Which of the following should be included in the teaching?
- A. Take it with food
- B. Sit upright for at least 30 minutes after taking it
- C. It can be taken at bedtime
- D. It is safe to take with antacids
Correct answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: 'Sit upright for at least 30 minutes after taking it.' Alendronate can cause esophageal irritation and to reduce the risk of this side effect, clients should be instructed to sit upright for at least 30 minutes after administration. Choice A is incorrect as alendronate should be taken on an empty stomach, usually in the morning, at least 30 minutes before the first food, beverage, or medication of the day. Choice C is incorrect because alendronate should not be taken at bedtime, as the client should remain upright for at least 30 minutes after taking it. Choice D is incorrect as antacids can interfere with the absorption of alendronate, so they should not be taken together.
4. What is the appropriate technique for performing two-rescuer CPR on a 4-year-old child?
- A. 15 compressions to 2 ventilations, compressing the sternum with your thumbs, and delivering at least 100 compressions per minute.
- B. 30 compressions to 2 ventilations, compressing the chest one third the depth of the chest, and delivering each breath over 1 second.
- C. 15 compressions to 2 ventilations, compressing the sternum with the heel of your hand, and ventilating until visible chest rise occurs.
- D. 30 compressions to 2 ventilations, compressing the sternum with the heel of both hands, and delivering each breath over 1 to 2 seconds.
Correct answer: C
Rationale: When performing two-rescuer CPR on a 4-year-old child, the appropriate technique involves 15 compressions to 2 ventilations. Compressions should be done by pressing the child's sternum with the heel of your hand. Ventilations should be given until visible chest rise occurs. This technique ensures effective CPR delivery for a child in need of resuscitation.
5. A healthcare professional is reviewing the plan of care for a client following a total hip arthroplasty. Which of the following procedural plans is the healthcare professional following?
- A. patient classification categories
- B. diagnostic related groups
- C. Care map / clinical practice guideline
- D. functional nursing
Correct answer: C
Rationale: A care map or clinical practice guideline is a standardized plan of care that outlines the recommended interventions and treatments for patients with a specific condition. In this scenario, following a total hip arthroplasty, healthcare professionals typically refer to a care map or clinical practice guideline to ensure the patient receives appropriate care based on evidence-based practices and standards. Choices A, B, and D are incorrect in this context. Patient classification categories refer to grouping patients based on care needs, diagnostic related groups are used for billing purposes, and functional nursing is a care delivery system that assigns specific tasks to nursing personnel.
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