ATI LPN
LPN Pharmacology Practice Test
1. A client with heart failure is receiving digoxin. Which finding should indicate to the nurse that the client is experiencing digoxin toxicity?
- A. Constipation
- B. Blurred vision
- C. Bradycardia
- D. Dry cough
Correct answer: C
Rationale: Bradycardia is a hallmark sign of digoxin toxicity. Digoxin, a medication used to treat heart conditions, can lead to toxicity manifesting as bradycardia. Bradycardia occurs due to the drug's effect on slowing down the heart rate excessively. Constipation (Choice A) is not typically associated with digoxin toxicity. Blurred vision (Choice B) is more commonly linked to visual disturbances caused by digoxin, but it is not a defining sign of toxicity. Dry cough (Choice D) is not a recognized symptom of digoxin toxicity. It is crucial for the nurse to recognize the early signs of digoxin toxicity to prevent serious complications and provide appropriate interventions promptly.
2. The client with myocardial infarction should reduce intake of saturated fat and cholesterol. Which food items from the dietary menu would assist the nurse in helping the client comply with diet therapy?
- A. Cheeseburger, pan-fried potatoes, whole kernel corn, sherbet
- B. Pork chop, baked potato, cauliflower in cheese sauce, ice cream
- C. Baked haddock, steamed broccoli, herbed rice, sliced strawberries
- D. Spaghetti and sweet sausage in tomato sauce, vanilla pudding (with 4% milk)
Correct answer: C
Rationale: Option C, which includes baked haddock, steamed broccoli, herbed rice, and sliced strawberries, is the most appropriate choice for a client with myocardial infarction looking to reduce saturated fat and cholesterol intake. This meal is low in saturated fats and cholesterol, making it a heart-healthy option that aligns with the dietary recommendations for such clients. Choices A, B, and D contain foods high in saturated fats and cholesterol, which are not suitable for a client with myocardial infarction trying to adhere to a diet therapy aimed at reducing these components.
3. A client is taking levothyroxine for hypothyroidism. Which of the following findings should indicate to the healthcare provider that the client is experiencing levothyroxine toxicity?
- A. Weight loss
- B. Insomnia
- C. Heat intolerance
- D. Dry skin
Correct answer: C
Rationale: Heat intolerance is a hallmark sign of levothyroxine toxicity. It indicates that the client may be receiving an excessive dose of levothyroxine, leading to hyperthyroid symptoms. This can happen when the dosage is too high, causing the body to have an excess of thyroid hormone. Weight loss is a common symptom of hyperthyroidism but alone does not specifically indicate levothyroxine toxicity. Insomnia can be related to hyperthyroidism but is not a specific sign of levothyroxine toxicity. Dry skin is more commonly associated with hypothyroidism rather than levothyroxine toxicity.
4. The client has been prescribed atorvastatin (Lipitor) for hyperlipidemia. Which instruction should the nurse provide to the client?
- A. Take the medication in the morning with breakfast.
- B. Avoid drinking grapefruit juice while taking this medication.
- C. Increase your intake of dietary fiber while on this medication.
- D. Avoid eating foods high in potassium.
Correct answer: B
Rationale: The correct instruction for the nurse to provide to the client prescribed atorvastatin (Lipitor) for hyperlipidemia is to avoid drinking grapefruit juice while taking this medication. Grapefruit juice can interfere with the metabolism of atorvastatin, leading to an increased risk of side effects. It is crucial for the client to adhere to this instruction to ensure the effectiveness and safety of the treatment. Choices A, C, and D are incorrect because taking the medication with breakfast, increasing dietary fiber intake, and avoiding foods high in potassium are not specific instructions related to atorvastatin therapy for hyperlipidemia.
5. A nurse is assessing a client who has been taking levothyroxine for hypothyroidism. Which of the following findings should the nurse report to the provider?
- A. Weight loss
- B. Insomnia
- C. Heat intolerance
- D. Dry skin
Correct answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Heat intolerance. Heat intolerance is a sign of levothyroxine toxicity and requires immediate attention. Weight loss may actually be an expected outcome of levothyroxine therapy as it can help regulate metabolism in hypothyroidism. Insomnia can occur as a side effect of levothyroxine but is not as concerning as heat intolerance. Dry skin is a common symptom of hypothyroidism and may improve with levothyroxine therapy, so it is not a priority finding to report to the provider.
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