ATI LPN
LPN Pharmacology Assessment A
1. The client has angina pectoris and is prescribed nitroglycerin patches. What instruction should the nurse provide to the client?
- A. Apply the patch to the chest and leave it in place for 24 hours
- B. Apply the patch to a different site each time to prevent skin irritation
- C. Remove the patch before going to bed to prevent tolerance
- D. Cut the patch in half if experiencing headaches
Correct answer: B
Rationale: The correct instruction for the nurse to provide to the client is to apply the nitroglycerin patch to a different site each time to prevent skin irritation. Rotating the application site is crucial to prevent skin irritation and ensure consistent absorption of the medication. Applying the patch to the same site can lead to skin irritation and decreased effectiveness. Removing the patch before going to bed is not necessary, as the patch can typically be worn for a specific duration. Cutting the patch in half if experiencing headaches is not recommended and can alter the dose of the medication.
2. A 40-year-old woman presents with fatigue, polyuria, and polydipsia. Laboratory tests reveal hyperglycemia and ketonuria. What is the most likely diagnosis?
- A. Type 1 diabetes mellitus
- B. Type 2 diabetes mellitus
- C. Diabetes insipidus
- D. Hyperthyroidism
Correct answer: A
Rationale: The combination of symptoms including fatigue, polyuria, polydipsia, along with laboratory findings of hyperglycemia and ketonuria strongly suggest type 1 diabetes mellitus. In type 1 diabetes mellitus, there is a deficiency of insulin leading to high blood sugar levels (hyperglycemia) and the breakdown of fats producing ketones, causing ketonuria. Type 2 diabetes mellitus typically presents differently and is more common in older individuals. Diabetes insipidus is characterized by excessive thirst and urination due to a deficiency of antidiuretic hormone, distinct from the provided clinical scenario. Hyperthyroidism may present with some overlapping symptoms like fatigue, but it does not account for the specific laboratory findings of hyperglycemia and ketonuria seen in this case.
3. A client who has osteoporosis is being discharged with a new prescription for alendronate. Which of the following instructions should the nurse provide?
- A. Take the medication at bedtime.
- B. Take the medication with a full glass of water.
- C. Take the medication with food.
- D. Lie down for 30 minutes after taking the medication.
Correct answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is to take the medication with a full glass of water. Alendronate should be taken with a full glass of water to prevent esophageal irritation. Additionally, the client should remain upright for 30 minutes after taking it to prevent potential adverse effects. Choice A is incorrect because alendronate should not be taken at bedtime, but rather in the morning on an empty stomach. Choice C is incorrect because alendronate should be taken on an empty stomach, not with food. Choice D is incorrect because the client should remain upright, not lie down, for 30 minutes after taking the medication.
4. While receiving a change of shift report on a group of clients, which patient should the nurse assess first?
- A. The client who has a fractured femur and reports sharp chest pain.
- B. The client who has a fever and is receiving antibiotics.
- C. The client who has a urinary tract infection and reports pain with urination.
- D. The client who is scheduled for surgery in the afternoon.
Correct answer: A
Rationale: The nurse should assess the client with a fractured femur and sharp chest pain first. Sharp chest pain in this client may indicate a pulmonary embolism, a life-threatening condition requiring immediate attention. The other options describe important patient conditions but do not pose an immediate threat to life like a potential pulmonary embolism does.
5. On the other hand, Operation Timbang is _____ prevention?
- A. Primary
- B. Secondary
- C. Intermediate
- D. Tertiary
Correct answer: B
Rationale: Operation Timbang is a form of secondary prevention. It aims to identify individuals in the population who are malnourished, allowing for early diagnosis and timely treatment. Secondary prevention focuses on early detection and intervention to prevent the progression of a health condition or disease.
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