ATI LPN
LPN Pharmacology
1. The healthcare provider has reinforced dietary instructions to a client with coronary artery disease. Which statement by the client indicates an understanding of the dietary instructions?
- A. I should substitute eggs and milk for meat.
- B. I will eliminate all cholesterol and fat from my diet.
- C. I should routinely use polyunsaturated oils in my diet.
- D. I need to consider becoming a strict vegetarian.
Correct answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C. Using polyunsaturated oils, such as vegetable oils, can help manage cholesterol levels and reduce the risk of heart disease. This dietary change is beneficial for individuals with coronary artery disease as it promotes heart health by improving cholesterol profiles. Substituting eggs and milk for meat (Choice A) may not address the overall dietary needs for managing the condition. Completely eliminating all cholesterol and fat from the diet (Choice B) is not necessary as the body needs some healthy fats. Considering becoming a strict vegetarian (Choice D) is a personal choice and may not necessarily be required to manage coronary artery disease.
2. A client's telemetry monitor indicates the sudden onset of ventricular fibrillation. Which assessment finding should the nurse anticipate?
- A. Bounding erratic pulse.
- B. Regularly irregular pulse.
- C. Thready irregular pulse.
- D. No palpable pulse.
Correct answer: D
Rationale: Ventricular fibrillation is a life-threatening arrhythmia characterized by chaotic, asynchronous contractions of the ventricles, resulting in ineffective cardiac output. This leads to the absence of a palpable pulse. Nurses should be prepared to initiate immediate interventions such as defibrillation to restore normal cardiac rhythm in a client experiencing ventricular fibrillation.
3. A healthcare professional is assessing a client with hepatic encephalopathy. Which of the following foods indicates understanding of dietary teaching?
- A. Cottage cheese
- B. Tuna salad
- C. Rice with black beans
- D. Three-egg omelet
Correct answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: 'Rice with black beans.' Plant-based proteins such as beans are recommended for clients with hepatic encephalopathy to reduce ammonia production from animal proteins. Cottage cheese (choice A), tuna salad (choice B), and a three-egg omelet (choice D) are high in animal proteins, which can contribute to increased ammonia levels in hepatic encephalopathy, making them less suitable dietary choices for these clients.
4. Which of the following is an epidemiologic function of the nurse during an epidemic?
- A. Conducting assessments of suspected cases to detect communicable diseases
- B. Monitoring the condition of cases affected by the communicable disease
- C. Participating in the investigation to determine the source of the epidemic
- D. Educating the community on preventive measures against the disease
Correct answer: C
Rationale: During an epidemic, nurses play a crucial role in participating in epidemiologic investigations to identify the source of the outbreak. By investigating the source of the epidemic, nurses can help in understanding what caused the outbreak and how it can be controlled and prevented in the future. This function is essential in managing and responding effectively to epidemics.
5. Which of the following statements regarding two-rescuer child CPR is correct?
- A. The chest should be compressed with one hand, and a compression-to-ventilation ratio of 30:2 should be delivered.
- B. A compression-to-ventilation ratio of 15:2 should be delivered with pauses in compressions to give ventilations.
- C. The chest should be allowed to fully recoil between compressions to optimize venous return.
- D. Compress the chest with one or two hands to a depth equal to one third the diameter of the chest.
Correct answer: D
Rationale: In two-rescuer child CPR, the correct compression depth is one third the diameter of the chest. This depth can be achieved by compressing the chest with one or two hands. It is crucial to follow the correct compression depth guideline to ensure effective chest compressions and circulation during CPR for a child.
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