ATI LPN
LPN Pharmacology Practice Test
1. A client has a new prescription for alendronate. Which of the following instructions should be included in the teaching?
- A. Take the medication with a full glass of water.
- B. Lie down for 30 minutes after taking the medication.
- C. Take the medication at bedtime.
- D. Avoid dairy products while taking the medication.
Correct answer: A
Rationale: The correct instruction for taking alendronate is to take it with a full glass of water to prevent esophageal irritation. This helps ensure proper absorption and reduces the risk of irritation to the esophagus. Choice B is incorrect because patients should remain upright for at least 30 minutes after taking alendronate to prevent esophageal irritation. Choice C is incorrect as alendronate should be taken in the morning on an empty stomach. Choice D is also incorrect as there is no specific requirement to avoid dairy products while taking alendronate.
2. When teaching about safety risks for adolescents, what should be included?
- A. Adolescents are more likely to follow rules
- B. Peer influence to participate in high-risk behaviors can lead to injury
- C. Most injuries occur during sports activities
- D. Adolescents are aware of the dangers of substance use
Correct answer: B
Rationale: When educating about safety risks for adolescents, it is crucial to address the impact of peer influence on engaging in high-risk behaviors, which can result in injuries. Choice A is incorrect because adolescents are known to sometimes take risks and not always follow rules. Choice C is incorrect as injuries among adolescents can also happen outside of sports activities. Choice D is incorrect as adolescents may not always be fully aware of the dangers of substance use.
3. A client with heart failure is receiving digoxin (Lanoxin). Which finding indicates that the medication is effective?
- A. Increased heart rate.
- B. Decreased pedal edema.
- C. Elevated blood pressure.
- D. Improved urine output.
Correct answer: B
Rationale: In a client with heart failure, decreased pedal edema is a positive indicator of improved cardiac output and reduced fluid retention. Digoxin works by increasing the strength of the heart's contractions, leading to improved circulation and reduced symptoms of heart failure, such as edema. Monitoring for decreased pedal edema is essential to assess the effectiveness of digoxin therapy. Choices A, C, and D are incorrect because an increased heart rate, elevated blood pressure, and improved urine output are not specific indicators of digoxin's effectiveness in managing heart failure. Instead, the focus should be on improvements related to fluid retention and cardiac function, like decreased pedal edema.
4. A client receiving chemotherapy has developed stomatitis. Which of the following actions should the nurse take?
- A. Provide lemon-glycerin swabs
- B. Encourage the client to eat soft foods
- C. Avoid using toothpaste
- D. Instruct the client to use a mouthwash containing alcohol
Correct answer: B
Rationale: The correct action for the nurse to take when caring for a client with stomatitis due to chemotherapy is to encourage the client to eat soft foods. Soft foods help prevent further irritation to the already inflamed and sore oral mucosa. Providing lemon-glycerin swabs may further irritate the mucosa due to the acidic nature of lemon. Avoiding toothpaste is advisable as many toothpaste products contain ingredients that can aggravate stomatitis. Instructing the client to use a mouthwash containing alcohol is contraindicated as alcohol-based mouthwashes can be too harsh and drying for the already sensitive oral tissues.
5. Which of the following is a more reliable indicator of perfusion in children than in adults?
- A. Blood pressure
- B. Heart rate
- C. Respiratory rate
- D. Capillary refill
Correct answer: D
Rationale: Capillary refill is a more reliable indicator of perfusion in children than in adults. This is because children have more compliant vessels, making capillary refill a more sensitive indicator of perfusion status in this population. In contrast, while blood pressure, heart rate, and respiratory rate are important indicators, they may not be as reliable in children as capillary refill. Blood pressure can be affected by various factors such as anxiety or pain, heart rate can be influenced by emotions or temperature, and respiratory rate may vary with activity levels. Therefore, capillary refill is preferred in children for a more accurate assessment of perfusion.
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