a client diagnosed with coronary artery disease cad reports chest pain radiating to the left arm the nurse checks the clients blood pressure and admin a client diagnosed with coronary artery disease cad reports chest pain radiating to the left arm the nurse checks the clients blood pressure and admin
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Nursing Elites

ATI LPN

LPN Pharmacology Practice Questions

1. A client diagnosed with coronary artery disease (CAD) reports chest pain radiating to the left arm. The nurse checks the client's blood pressure and administers nitroglycerin 0.4 mg sublingually. Five minutes later, the client is still experiencing chest pain. What is the next appropriate nursing action?

Correct answer: A

Rationale: If chest pain persists after the first dose of nitroglycerin, it is appropriate to administer a second dose while continuing to monitor the client's response. Nitroglycerin helps dilate blood vessels and improve blood flow to the heart, relieving chest pain associated with coronary artery disease. Reassessing the client's response to a second dose is crucial before considering other interventions like contacting the healthcare provider or providing additional medications. Administering another dose of nitroglycerin aligns with the standard protocol for managing ongoing chest pain in clients with CAD.

2. Seizures in children MOST often result from:

Correct answer: C

Rationale: Seizures in children most often result from febrile seizures, which are triggered by an abrupt rise in body temperature. Febrile seizures are common in young children, especially between the ages of 6 months to 5 years, and are usually associated with viral infections that cause a sudden spike in body temperature. Choices A, B, and D are incorrect because while infections, inflammatory processes, and high temperatures can sometimes lead to seizures, the most common cause of seizures in children is an abrupt increase in body temperature, known as febrile seizures.

3. Tertiary prevention is needed in which stage of the natural history of disease?

Correct answer: D

Rationale: Tertiary prevention focuses on actions taken to prevent complications and further deterioration among individuals already diagnosed with a disease. It is implemented during the terminal stage of a disease when efforts are made to prevent disability, restore function, and improve quality of life. This stage is crucial for managing the disease's progression and enhancing the patient's well-being.

4. A client with dementia is at risk of falls. Which intervention should the nurse implement to ensure safety?

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct intervention for a client with dementia at risk of falls is to use a bed exit alarm to notify staff when the client tries to leave the bed. This intervention helps prevent falls while still allowing some freedom of movement. Choice A is incorrect because using restraints can lead to complications and is considered a form of restraint which should be avoided. Choice C is not suitable for a client at high risk of falls due to dementia as it may increase the risk of falls. Choice D is not recommended as raising all four side rails can be considered a form of physical restraint and may not be the best approach to prevent falls in a client with dementia.

5. What are the key considerations for managing a patient with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)?

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The key considerations for managing a patient with COPD include airway management, ensuring adequate oxygenation, promoting smoking cessation, and incorporating pulmonary rehabilitation. While airway management is crucial for maintaining patency and preventing exacerbations, oxygen therapy helps improve oxygen levels in the blood. Smoking cessation is essential to slow down disease progression and reduce exacerbation risk. Pulmonary rehabilitation plays a vital role in enhancing exercise tolerance and overall quality of life for COPD patients. Therefore, while all options are important in managing COPD, airway management is the most critical aspect.

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